Cited by 774Green IT and SustainabilityEnergy Efficiency in ComputingEthics and Social Impacts of AI

Energy and Policy Considerations for Modern Deep Learning Research

Open access
Strubell, Emma, Ganesh, Ananya, McCallum, Andrew·2020·Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence

Abstract

The field of artificial intelligence has experienced a dramatic methodological shift towards large neural networks trained on plentiful data. This shift has been fueled by recent advances in hardware and techniques enabling remarkable levels of computation, resulting in impressive advances in AI across many applications. However, the massive computation required to obtain these exciting results is costly both financially, due to the price of specialized hardware and electricity or cloud compute time, and to the environment, as a result of non-renewable energy used to fuel modern tensor processing hardware. In a paper published this year at ACL, we brought this issue to the attention of NLP researchers by quantifying the approximate financial and environmental costs of training and tuning neural network models for NLP (Strubell, Ganesh, and McCallum 2019). In this extended abstract, we briefly summarize our findings in NLP, incorporating updated estimates and broader information from recent related publications, and provide actionable recommendations to reduce costs and improve equity in the machine learning and artificial intelligence community.

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Crossref · 10.1609/aaai.v34i09.7123

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14 of 14 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Strubell, E., Ganesh, A., & McCallum, A.
Affiliations
  • Meta (United States) (US)
  • University of Massachusetts Amherst (US)
Venue
Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Published
2020-04-03
Volume
34
Issue
09
Pages
13693-13696
ISSN
  • 2159-5399 (ISSN-L)
  • 2374-3468
OpenAlex
W3037032032
Cited by
774
References
14
Citations by year
2026: 143 · 2025: 307 · 2024: 129 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 1
FWCI
68.55
Type
conference paper
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence (publishedVersion)
  • AAAI Publications (The Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Green IT and Sustainability
  • Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Hardware and Architecture › Energy Efficiency in Computing
  • Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
Keywords
carbon footprint of AI, large-scale neural networks, tensor processing units, environmental impact of machine learning, energy policy, natural language processing

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