Analysis of white blood cell counts in mice after gamma- or proton-radiation exposure
Open accessAbstract
In the coming decades human space exploration is expected to move beyond low-Earth orbit. This transition involves increasing mission time and therefore an increased risk of radiation exposure from solar particle event (SPE) radiation. Acute radiation effects after exposure to SPE radiation are of prime importance due to potential mission-threatening consequences. The major objective of this study was to characterize the dose-response relationship for proton and γ radiation delivered at doses up to 2 Gy at high (0.5 Gy/min) and low (0.5 Gy/h) dose rates using white blood cell (WBC) counts as a biological end point. The results demonstrate a dose-dependent decrease in WBC counts in mice exposed to high- and low-dose-rate proton and γ radiation, suggesting that astronauts exposed to SPE-like radiation may experience a significant decrease in circulating leukocytes.
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Radiation combined with spaceflight environment stressors decreases survival in animal studies.
“Results from animal studies examining the synergistic effects of radiation combined with spaceflight environment stressors (i.e., microgravity, environmental constraints, emotional stress) show increased susceptibility to infection, delayed wound healing and decreased survival [73,74,75].”
From Space Radiation: The number one risk to astronaut health beyond low earth orbit (2014) · cites this paper as [73]
Radiation combined with spaceflight environment stressors delays wound healing in animal studies.
“Results from animal studies examining the synergistic effects of radiation combined with spaceflight environment stressors (i.e., microgravity, environmental constraints, emotional stress) show increased susceptibility to infection, delayed wound healing and decreased survival [73,74,75].”
From Space Radiation: The number one risk to astronaut health beyond low earth orbit (2014) · cites this paper as [73]
Radiation combined with spaceflight environment stressors (microgravity, environmental constraints, emotional stress) increases susceptibility to infection in animal studies.
“Results from animal studies examining the synergistic effects of radiation combined with spaceflight environment stressors (i.e., microgravity, environmental constraints, emotional stress) show increased susceptibility to infection, delayed wound healing and decreased survival [73,74,75].”
From Space Radiation: The number one risk to astronaut health beyond low earth orbit (2014) · cites this paper as [73]
A reduction in peripheral blood granulocyte counts was observed after radiation.
“A reduction in the peripheral blood granulocyte counts was observed after radiation similar to that described previously [26], [49], [50].”
From Hindlimb suspension and spe-like radiation impairs clearance of bacterial infections (2014) · cites this paper as [50]
Radiation (2 Gy), either gamma or proton, results in a significant decrease in granulocyte counts in peripheral blood and other organs.
“Radiation (2 Gy) either gamma or proton results in a significant decrease in granulocyte counts in peripheral blood (Figure 8 and supplemental Figure 1) and other organs [26], [49], [50].”
From Hindlimb suspension and spe-like radiation impairs clearance of bacterial infections (2014) · cites this paper as [50]
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- Authors
- Maks, C. J., Wan, X. S., Ware, J. H., Romero-Weaver, A. L., Sanzari, J. K., Wilson, J. M., Rightnar, S., Wroe, A. J., Koss, P., Gridley, D. S., Slater, J. M., & Kennedy, A. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Loma Linda University (US)
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Venue
- Radiation Research
- Publisher
- Radiation Research Society
- Published
- 2011-08
- Volume
- 176
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 170-176
- ISSN
- 0033-7587 (ISSN-L)
- 1938-5404
- PMC
- PMC3575683
- OpenAlex
- W2168524360
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Radiation Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- National Space Biomedical Research Institute
- National Cancer Institute (T32CA009677)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Effects of Radiation Exposure
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Radiation Therapy and Dosimetry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Spaceflight effects on biology
- Keywords
- white blood cell count, gamma radiation, proton radiation, solar energetic particle events, space radiation, dose-response relationship, dose rate dependence, leukocyte depletion, acute radiation effects, astronaut health, mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Female, Gamma Rays, Leukocyte Count, Leukocytes, Mice, Inbred ICR, Protons, Relative Biological Effectiveness, Endpoint Determination, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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