Indigenous knowledge systems and science education

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Because science offers a conceptual explanation of real mechanisms which exist in the physical world, the fact that the concepts are socially constructed is frequently overlooked.

“Because the science offers a conceptual explanation of real mechanisms which exist in the physical world, the fact that the concepts are socially constructed is frequently overlooked.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Western science in its quest for objectivity and reproducibility has failed to give sufficient attention to the particularity of the person who first develops an experiment to investigate a particular phenomenon.

“Western science in its quest for objectivity and reproducibility has failed to give sufficient attention to the particularity of the person who first develops an experiment to investigate a particular phenomenon.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The brewing of traditional beer, umqombothi, is a chemical process, but the molecular understanding is not a part of the indigenous knowledge and this needs to be actively connected to chemistry if it is to be incorporated into a science curriculum.

“In a similar fashion, the brewing of traditional beer, umqombothi, is a chemical process, but the molecular understanding is not a part of the indigenous knowledge and this needs to be actively connected to chemistry if it is to be incorporated into a science curriculum.15”

• cites [15]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Incorporating ethnobotany such as a module on wild edible plants in a botany course can be used to show a different kind of classification in a module on plant taxonomy.

“Incorporating ethnobotany such as a module on wild edible plants in a botany course 14 can be used to show a different kind of classification in a module on plant taxonomy.”

• cites [14]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Transdisciplinary research is an important innovation.

“To this end, transdisciplinary research is an important innovation.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Understanding the knowledge structure affords the possibility of making knowledge building more visible to the students.

“Understanding the knowledge structure affords the possibility of making knowledge building more visible to the students.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Our practice of science can be enriched by intentional and careful incorporation of indigenous knowledge systems into the knowledge project at all levels.

“I believe that our practice of science can be enriched by intentional and careful incorporation of IKS into the knowledge project at all levels.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Meaningful engagement with indigenous knowledge could enhance science education, whilst making visible the socio-cultural relevance to students.

“Meaningful engagement with indigenous knowledge could therefore enhance science education, whilst making visible the socio-cultural relevance to students.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

Science is a profoundly creative endeavour.

“Science is in fact a profoundly creative endeavour.19”

• cites [19]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The reproducibility of a chemical reaction lies in the causal mechanism which exists independently of the particular person, not in any magic quality of the person or their training.

“The fact that a particular chemical reaction can be reliably reproduced by a second person is not a magic quality of either person, nor is it the genius of the training.The reproducibility lies in the causal mechanism which exists independently of the particular person.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The accuracy of measurement of mass and isolation of gases could have been achieved through the creation of other technologies.

“The accuracy of measurement of mass and isolation of gases could have been achieved through the creation of other technologies.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The accuracy of measurement of mass and isolation of gases could have been achieved through the creation of other technologies.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Level 2 is built from combining and probing various Level 1 activities.

“Level 2 is built from combining and probing various Level 1 activities.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The inclusion of indigenous knowledge systems into science curricula is intended to valorise traditional ways of knowing and foreground the wisdom held in the indigenous peoples of South Africa.

“The intention of the inclusion of IKS into science curricula is to valourise these traditional ways of knowing and thereby foreground the wisdom held in the indigenous peoples of South Africa.11”

• cites [11]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Indigenous knowledge systems and Western science are interrelated but are not the same thing.

“We see that IKS and Western science are interrelated but are not the same thing.”

• Also stated in: § Critical realism offers a useful perspective · plain

  “It is on this foundation that I argue that indigenous knowledge and Western science are related but not interchangeable.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

It is profoundly useful that an unexpected asset can be brought to science in the form of developing knower awareness.

“It is also profoundly useful that an unexpected asset can be brought to science in the form of developing knower awareness.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Bringing to light the motivations of the person of the scientist is important.

“Bringing to light the motivations of the person of the scientist is important.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

To fail to point to the distinctions and relative power of different classification systems is a missed opportunity of teaching the way in which botanical knowledge is built.

“To fail to point to the distinctions and relative power of different classification systems is a missed opportunity of teaching the way in which botanical knowledge is built.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Critical realism offers a way to explore the relationship between Western science and traditional knowledge systems.

“Critical realism offers a way to explore the relationship between Western science and traditional knowledge systems.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The practice of science is the intersection of three domains: the physical world, the canon of knowledge, and the community of scientists.

“Blackie 16 , drawing on Bhaskar 17 , argues that the practice of science is the intersection of three domains, illustrating this with the field of chemistry (Figure 1).”

• cites Blackie 16Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Bhaskar 17Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

There is always a particular person bringing together a particular set of ideas to interrogate a particular phenomenon.

“However, there is always a particular person bringing together a particular set of ideas to interrogate a particular phenomenon.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The development of knowledge always emerges with a particular person in a particular place at a particular time.

“The development of knowledge always emerges with a particular person in a particular place at a particular time.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Including local knowledge is significant for student engagement and will help erode the image of the quintessential scientist as a white man.

“Secondly, the significance of including local knowledge in terms of student engagement is important.This will help to facilitate the erosion of the image of the quintessential scientist as a white man.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The scientist is not a passive observer of the system but an active agent in the design of the experiment, such that a single mechanism or sequence of mechanisms is isolated.

“The scientist is not the passive observer of the system, rather they are an active agent in the design of the experiment, such that a single mechanism or sequence of mechanisms is isolated.16”

• cites [16]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Engagement with indigenous knowledge allows for the development of 'knower awareness' in the practice of science.

“the engagement with indigenous knowledge allows for the development of 'knower awareness' in the practice of science.”

May combine two claims.

Because the underlying causal mechanism is real and intransitive, a second person following exactly the same procedure can reproduce the same result.

“Because the underlying causal mechanism is real and is 'intransitive' 17 , a second person following exactly the same procedure can reproduce the same result.”

• cites [17]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The particularity of knowledge seems foreign to the universal claims made by science.

“This particularity of knowledge seems foreign to the universal claims made by science.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Engagement with both knowledge structures could afford better pedagogy and assessment.

“An engagement with both knowledge structures could afford better pedagogy and assessment.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

There is no evidence of any indigenous culture creating equivalent technologies to those needed for molecular explanations, and so there is no indigenous molecular explanation.

“Nonetheless, to our knowledge, there is no evidence of any indigenous culture creating equivalent technologies and so there is no indigenous molecular explanation.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: There is no evidence of any indigenous culture creating equivalent technologies to those needed for molecular explanations.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Knower awareness is an essential first step to the recognition that scientific knowledge can be used to different ends.

“Knower awareness is an essential first step to the recognition that scientific knowledge can be used to different ends.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

There is a need to disrupt the notion that science is a body of work produced by dead Europeans.

“There is also a need to disrupt the notion that science is a body of work produced by dead Europeans.13”

• cites [13]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

In some sciences there may be a Level 2 equivalent in the indigenous knowledge system; it depends on the nature of the science and the dependence of the science on accurate measurement.

“In some sciences there may be a Level 2 equivalent in the indigenous knowledge system; it depends on the nature of the science and the dependence of the science on accurate measurement.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

We are embodied beings and the fact of our embodiment matters.

“We are not 'brains on sticks'we are embodied beings and the fact of our embodiment matters.19”

• cites [19]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

It is important that the 'field of production' of science is not falsely constrained to the research product of our higher education institutions.

“It is important that the 'field of production' of science is not falsely constrained to the research product of our higher education institutions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable).

The need to focus on knowledge structures could facilitate more meaningful assessment.

“Firstly, the need to focus on the knowledge structures could facilitate more meaningful assessment.20”

• cites [20]Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The discovery of oxygen was only possible once the substantially more accurate spring balance was invented and the art of glass blowing was refined.

“The discovery of oxygen was only possible once the substantially more accurate spring balance was invented and the art of glass blowing was refined.”

• AssumptionRests on an assumption: The discovery of oxygen was only possible once the substantially more accurate spring balance was invented and the art of glass blowing was refined.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

Each scientist is shaped by their training, the language they speak, the environment in which they grew up and the sum of their life experience, and this influences the field of study and the particular focus of their attention.

“Each scientist is shaped by their training, the language they speak, the environment in which they grew up and the sum of their life experience.All this influences the field of study and the particular focus of their attention.”