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Allowing or fighting social anxiety: The role of psychological inflexibility in a non-clinical population
Open accessAbstract
In an acceptance-based model of what maintains social anxiety, the focus is on counterproductive attempts to control unpleasant internal experiences through avoidance of them. An example of such an avoidance strategy, especially prominent among socially anxious women, is rumination. According to this model, the road to recovery for people suffering from social anxiety is through increased acceptance of internal experiences. This process is also referred to as decreasing an individual’s ‘psychological inflexibility’. The overall aim of the current study was to examine the relationship between psychological inflexibility and social anxiety in a non-clinical population. We used cluster analysis to examine subgroups with different individual profiles of symptoms of social anxiety/avoidance and psychological inflexibility. The clusters were examined in relation to depressive symptoms, rumination, and the moderating effect of gender. The design was cross-sectional and consisted of 219 university students (101 men, 118 women; M age = 23 years). Four clusters were generated, whereof two (the Multidimensional Problem cluster and the No Problem cluster) reflected a strong positive relationship between social anxiety/avoidance and psychological inflexibility, however in different ways. Gender did not act as a mod-erator. However, people in the Multidimensional Problem cluster reported higher degree of depressive symptoms as well as higher levels of rumination compared to the other clusters. To conclude, psychological inflexibility seems to be related not only to symptoms of ill-health such as social anxiety and depressive symptoms but also to control strategies such as rumination.
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In a non-clinical adult sample, there is a strong positive relationship between social fear/anxiety, social avoidance, and PI.
“Concerning non-adolescent samples, Tillfors et al. (2015) found a strong positive relationship between social fear/anxiety, social avoidance, and PI in a non-clinical adult sample.”
From Psychological inflexibility explains social anxiety over time: a mediation analyses with a clinical adolescent sample (2024) · cites this paper as Tillfors et al., 2015
Previous research with non-clinical adult samples and samples of adults with anxiety disorders found PI positively associated with social anxiety.
“This is in line with previous research conducted with non-clinical adult samples (Tillfors et al., 2015) and samples of adults with anxiety disorders (Fergus et al., 2012).”
From Psychological inflexibility explains social anxiety over time: a mediation analyses with a clinical adolescent sample (2024) · cites this paper as Tillfors et al., 2015
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“…as a central and maintaining factor of SAD (Herbert & Cardaciotto, 2005), and studies investigating the efficacy of interventions designed to decrease psychological inflexibility in people with SAD have shown promising results (Dalrymple & Herbert, 2007; Kocovski et al., 2009; Ossman et al., 2006).”
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Figueiredo, D. V., Alves, F., & Vagos, P. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-04650-w · Cited by 13
“This is in line with previous research conducted with non-clinical adult samples (Tillfors et al., 2015) and samples of adults with anxiety disorders (Fergus et al., 2012).”
Alves, F., Figueiredo, D. V., & Vagos, P. (2023) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/15346501221144069 · Cited by 3
“Accordingly, PI has been found to relate to social anxiety in non-clinical adult samples (Tillfors et al., 2015) and in clinical adult samples (Fergus et al., 2012).”
BackgroundApostolakis, M., Theodorou, M., Neophytou, K., & Panayiotou, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1002221 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Tillfors, M., Toll, C., Branting, M., Boersma, K., & Jansson-Fröjmark, M.
- Venue
- Journal for Person-Oriented Research
- Publisher
- Journal for Person-Oriented Research
- Published
- 2015-09-23
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 151-161
- ISSN
- 2002-0244 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1954249444
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal for Person-Oriented Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Keywords
- social anxiety, psychological inflexibility, rumination, avoidance, depressive symptoms, gender differences, university students, symptom profiles, non-clinical population
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