Cell Type-dependent HIF1 α-mediated Effects of Hypoxia on Proliferation, Migration and Metastatic Potential of Human Tumor Cells
Open accessAbstract
// Enikő Tátrai 1 , Alexandra Bartal 1, 2 , Alexandra Gacs 1 , Sándor Paku 3, 4 , István Kenessey 5, 6 , Tamás Garay 5 , Balázs Hegedűs 4, 7, 8 , Eszter Molnár 5 , Mihály T. Cserepes 1, 9, 10 , Zita Hegedűs 1 , Nóra Kucsma 9 , Gergely Szakács 9 and József Tóvári 1 1 Department of Experimental Pharmacology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary 2 Central Pharmacy, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary 3 1st Institute of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary 4 Tumor Progression Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary 5 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary 6 National Cancer Registry, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary 7 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 8 Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ruhrlandklinik, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany 9 Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary 10 Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary Correspondence to: József Tóvári, email: tozsi@oncol.hu , jtovari@yahoo.com Keywords: tumor cell motility, hypoxia, small GTPases, RhoA activation, metastasis Received: November 09, 2016 Accepted: April 24, 2017 Published: May 11, 2017 ABSTRACT Tumor hypoxia promotes neoangiogenesis and contributes to the radio- and chemotherapy resistant and aggressive phenotype of cancer cells. However, the migratory response of tumor cells and the role of small GTPases regulating the organization of cytoskeleton under hypoxic conditions have yet to be established. Accordingly, we measured the proliferation, migration, RhoA activation, the mRNA and protein levels of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1α) and three small G-proteins, Rac1, cdc42 and RhoA in a panel of five human tumor cell lines under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Importantly, HT168-M1 human melanoma cells with high baseline migration capacity showed increased HIF-1α and small GTPases expression, RhoA activation and migration under hypoxia. These activities were blocked by anti- HIF-1α shRNA. Moreover, the in vivo metastatic potential was promoted by hypoxia mimicking CoCl 2 treatment and reduced upon inhibition of HIF-1α in a spleen to liver colonization experiment. In contrast, HT29 human colon cancer cells with low migration capacity showed limited response to in vitro hypoxia. The expression of the small G-proteins decreased both at mRNA and protein levels and the RhoA activation was reduced. Nevertheless, the number of lung or liver metastatic colonies disseminating from orthotopic HT29 grafts did not change upon CoCl 2 or chetomin treatment. Our data demonstrates that the hypoxic environment induces cell-type dependent changes in the levels and activation of small GTPases and results in varying migratory and metastasis promoting responses in different human tumor cell lines.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In hypoxic tumor cells, HIF activates HRE genes essential for migration, invasion, and metastasis (AMF/AMFR, MET, CXCR4, MMP2/9, LOX, P4HA).
“In hypoxic tumor cells, HIF activates several HRE genes that are essential for migration, invasion and metastasis: for example, autocrine motility factor and its receptor (AMF and AMFR); MET oncoprotein, receptor for scatter factor (paracrine regulators); CXCR4 chemokine receptor, matrix metalloproteinases such as MMP2/9 and collagen network remodeling lysil- and prolyl-hydroxylases (LOX and P4HA”
From Hypoxia Signaling in Cancer: From Basics to Clinical Practice (2021) · cites this paper as [19]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
1 retracted
Gilkes, D. M., Xiang, L., Lee, S. J., Chaturvedi, P., Hubbi, M. E., Wirtz, D., & Semenza, G. L. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1321510111 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
RetractedTargeting HIF-1 for cancer therapy
Semenza, G. L. (2003) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc1187 · Cited by 6,717 · see citing works
Wang, G. L., Jiang, B. H., Rue, E. A., & Semenza, G. L. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.12.5510 · Cited by 6,212 · see citing works
CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression
Sherr, C. J., & Roberts, J. M. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.12.1501 · Cited by 6,115 · see citing works
Hypoxia — a key regulatory factor in tumour growth
Harris, A. L. (2002) · Nature Reviews Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc704 · Cited by 5,177 · see citing works
RHO GTPASES: Biochemistry and Biology
Jaffe, A. B., & Hall, A. (2005) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.21.020604.150721 · Cited by 3,009 · see citing works
The unique physiology of solid tumors: opportunities (and problems) for cancer therapy.
Brown, J. M., & Giaccia, A. J. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 1,498 · see citing works
HIF-1 mediates metabolic responses to intratumoral hypoxia and oncogenic mutations
Semenza, G. L. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci67230 · Cited by 1,335 · see citing works
Rho GTPases and cell migration
Ridley, A. J. (2001) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.114.15.2713 · Cited by 1,194 · see citing works
Hypoxia, Clonal Selection, and the Role of HIF-1 in Tumor Progression
Semenza, G. L. (2000) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1080/10409230091169186 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Rohwer, N., & Cramer, T. (2011) · Drug Resistance Updates · doi:10.1016/j.drup.2011.03.001 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Treatment Resistance of Solid Tumors
Vaupel, P. W., Thews, O., & Hoeckel, M. (2001) · Medical Oncology · doi:10.1385/mo:18:4:243 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
HIF-1 and HIF-2 Transcription Factors - Similar but Not Identical
Loboda, A., Jozkowicz, A., & Dulak, J. (2010) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.1007/s10059-010-0067-2 · Cited by 477 · see citing works
Uchida, T., Rossignol, F., Matthay, M. A., Mounier, R., Couette, S., Clottes, E., & Clérici, C. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m400461200 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Hypoxia and radiotherapy: opportunities for improved outcomes in cancer treatment
Moeller, B. J., Richardson, R. A., & Dewhirst, M. W. (2007) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-007-9056-0 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
(2001) · PubMed · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Rho GTPase signalling pathways in the morphological changes associated with apoptosis
Coleman, M. L., & Olson, M. F. (2002) · Cell Death and Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400987 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Cairns, R. A., & Hill, R. P. (2004) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-03-3196 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Fluctuating and Diffusion-Limited Hypoxia in Hypoxia-Induced Metastasis
Rofstad, E. K., Galappathi, K., Mathiesen, B. S., & Ruud, E. M. (2007) · Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-1967 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Zhao, X.-Y., Chen, T., Li, X., Guo, M., Xu, Y., Yue, F., Jiang, Y., Chen, G., & Zhao, K.-W. (2010) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgq116 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Fujiwara, S., Nakagawa, K., Harada, H., Nagato, S., Furukawa, K., Teraoka, M., Seno, T., Oka, K., Iwata, S., & Ohnishi, T. (2007) · International Journal of Oncology · doi:10.3892/ijo.30.4.793 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Garay, T., Juhász, É., Molnár, E., Eisenbauer, M., Czirók, A., Dekan, B., László, V., Hoda, M. A., Döme, B., Tı́már, J., et al. (2013) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2013.08.018 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationRoux, P., Gauthier‐Rouvière, C., Doucet-Brutin, S., & Fort, P. (1997) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(06)00289-2 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Hypoxic regulation of mesenchymal stem cell migration: the role of RhoA and HIF‐1α
Raheja, L. F., Genetos, D. C., Wong, A., & Yellowley, C. E. (2011) · Cell Biology International · doi:10.1042/cbi20100733 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Impact of Hypoxia on the Metastatic Potential of Human Prostate Cancer Cells
Dai, Y., Bae, K., & Siemann, D. W. (2011) · International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics · doi:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.04.027 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ryu, M. H., Park, H. M., Chung, J., Lee, C. H., & Park, H. R. (2010) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.01.060 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Role of Rac1 and Cdc42 in hypoxia induced p53 and von Hippel‐Lindau suppression and HIF1α activation
Xue, Y., Bi, F., Zhang, X., Zhang, S., Pan, Y., Liu, N., Shi, Y., Yao, X., Zheng, Y., & Fan, D. (2006) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.21763 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Hegedüs, B., Czirók, A., Fazekas, I., Bábel, T., Madarász, E., & Vicsek, T. (2000) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.2000.92.3.0428 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationHongo, K., Tsuno, N. H., Kawai, K., Sasaki, K., Kaneko, M., Hiyoshi, M., Murono, K., Tada, N., Nirei, T., Sunami, E., et al. (2012) · Journal of Surgical Research · doi:10.1016/j.jss.2012.08.034 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Wang, X., & Schneider, A. (2010) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgq078 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Hypoxic regulation of RIOK3 is a major mechanism for cancer cell invasion and metastasis
Singleton, D. C., Rouhi, P., Zois, C. E., Haider, S., Li, J.-L., Kessler, B. M., Cao, Y., & Harris, A. L. (2015) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2014.396 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Vogel, S., Wottawa, M., Farhat, K., Zieseniß, A., Schnelle, M., Le-Huu, S. K.-A., von Ahlen, M., Malz, C. R., Camenisch, G., & Katschinski, D. M. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.132985 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Long-term exposure to hypoxia inhibits tumor progression of lung cancer in rats and mice
Yu, L., & Hales, C. A. (2011) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/1471-2407-11-331 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Selection and characterization of human melanoma lines with different liver‐colonizing capacity
Ladányi, A., Tı́már, J., Paku, S., Molnár, G., & Lapis, K. (1990) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.2910460322 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationChronic hypoxia promotes an aggressive phenotype in rat prostate cancer cells
Alqawi, O., Wang, H. P., Espiritu, M., & Singh, G. (2007) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715760701361531 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Nitric oxide causes macrophage migration via the HIF-1-stimulated small GTPases Cdc42 and Rac1
Zhou, J., Dehne, N., & Brüne, B. (2009) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2009.06.006 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Microenvironmental adaptation of experimental tumours to chronic vs acute hypoxia
Thews, O., Wolloscheck, T., Dillenburg, W., Kraus, S., Kelleher, D. K., Konerding, M. A., & Vaupel, P. W. (2004) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602066 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
SN-38 overcomes chemoresistance of colorectal cancer cells induced by hypoxia, through HIF1alpha.
Murono, K., Tsuno, N. H., Kawai, K., Sasaki, K., Hongo, K., Kaneko, M., Hiyoshi, M., Tada, N., Nirei, T., Sunami, E., et al. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Zhang, L., & Hill, R. P. (2007) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-4221 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Effect of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α on Survivin in colorectal cancer
Wu, X. (2010) · Molecular Medicine Reports · doi:10.3892/mmr_00000273 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Noda, S., Yashiro, M., Nshii, T., & Hirakawa, K. (2010) · European Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2010.01.007 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Rho GTPase signalling pathways in the morphological changes associated with apoptosis
Coleman, M. L., & Olson, M. F. (2002) · University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) · doi:10.1038/sj/cdd/4400987
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hypoxia Signaling in Cancer: From Basics to Clinical Practice
Sebestyén, A., Kopper, L., Dankó, T., & Tímár, J. (2021) · Pathology and Oncology Research · doi:10.3389/pore.2021.1609802 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Li, C., Wang, Q., Shen, S., Wei, X., & Li, G. (2019) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.6273 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Zheng, L., Wang, B., Sun, Y., Dai, B., Fu, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Yang, Z., Sun, Z., Zhuang, S., et al. (2021) · ACS Sensors · doi:10.1021/acssensors.0c01846 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance
Dratkiewicz, E., Simiczyjew, A., Mazurkiewicz, J., Ziętek, M., Matkowski, R., & Nowak, D. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10040862 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Guzel, R. M., Ogmen, K., Ilieva, K. M., Fraser, S. P., & Djamgoz, M. B. A. (2018) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.27399 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Yi, Z., Jiang, L., Zhao, L., Zhou, M., Ni, Y., Yang, Y., Yang, H., Yang, L., Zhang, Q., Kuang, Y., et al. (2019) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.29240 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Zhao, L., Zhang, R., Yang, G., Wang, Y., Gai, S., Zhao, X., Huang, M., & Yang, P. (2024) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.4c00425 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Atorvastatin facilitates chemotherapy effects in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
Marti, J. L. G., Beckwitt, C. H., Clark, A. M., & Wells, A. H. (2021) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/s41416-021-01529-0 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Greville, G., Llop, E., Huang, C., Creagh-Flynn, J., Pfister, S., O’Flaherty, R., Madden, S. F., Peracaula, R., Rudd, P. M., McCann, A. H., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2020.01218 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Chen, J., Chen, J., Tan, J., Li, J., Cheng, W., Ke, L., Wang, Q., Wang, A., Lin, S., Li, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Orthopaedic Translation · doi:10.1016/j.jot.2023.05.004 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Zoa, A., Yang, Y., Huang, W., Yang, J. L., Wang, J., Wang, H., Dong, M., & Tian, Y. (2022) · Translational Cancer Research · doi:10.21037/tcr-22-787 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Ma, B., Qin, L., Sun, Z., Wang, J., Tran, L. J., Zhang, J., Ye, F., Liu, Y., & Chen, M. (2023) · Environmental Toxicology · doi:10.1002/tox.24009 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Regulation of lysyl oxidase expression in THP‐1 cell‐derived M2‐like macrophages
Takemoto, R., Kamiya, T., Atobe, T., Hara, H., & Adachi, T. (2021) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.29911 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hypoxia-induced activation of NDR2 underlies brain metastases from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Levallet, J., Biojout, T., Bazille, C., Douyère, M., Dubois, F., Ferreira, D. L., Taylor, J., Teulier, S., Toutain, J., Elie, N., et al. (2023) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-023-06345-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
High HIF-1α expression predicts poor prognosis of patients with colon adenocarcinoma.
Huang, Z., Zhang, L.-H., Zhao, C., Liu, R. R., Tong, H., Gan, C., Lan, T., Tang, C., & Gao, J. (2018) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Role of Hypoxia and Rac1 Inhibition in the Metastatic Cascade
Tátrai, E., Ranđelović, I., Surguta, S. E., & Tóvári, J. (2024) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers16101872 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationPeloruside A-Induced Cell Death in Hypoxia Is p53 Dependent in HCT116 Colorectal Cancer Cells
Řehulka, J., Annadurai, N., Frydrych, I., Džubák, P., Miller, J. H., Hajdúch, M., & Das, V. (2018) · Journal of Natural Products · doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00961 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Afşar, Ç. U., & Uysal, P. (2019) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.65.10.1295 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gene Expression in Muscle-Invasive and Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Cells Exposed to Hypoxia
Shabbir, R., Quiles, C. G., Lane, B. S., Zeef, L. A. H., Hoskin, P., Choudhury, A., West, C., & Smith, T. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17162624 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Wang, S., Cai, Y., Feng, Q., Gao, J., & Teng, B. (2021) · Cancer Cell International · doi:10.1186/s12935-021-02080-x · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Selective Inhibition of HIF1α Expression by ZnSO4 Has Antitumoral Effects in Human Melanoma
Burián, Z., Ladányi, A., Barbai, T., Piurkó, V., Garay, T., Rásó, E., & Tı́már, J. (2019) · Pathology & Oncology Research · doi:10.1007/s12253-018-00573-1 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationBladder cancer cell lines adapt their aggressiveness profile to oxygen tension
Chabaud, S., Pellerin, È., Caneparo, C., Goulet, C. R., Pouliot, F., & Bolduc, S. (2022) · Oncology Letters · doi:10.3892/ol.2022.13341 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Svajda, L., Ranđelović, I., Surguta, S. E., Baranyi, M., Cserepes, M., & Tóvári, J. (2024) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117601 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferential effects of hypoxia on motility using various in vitro models of lung adenocarcinoma
Surguta, S. E., Baranyi, M., Svajda, L., Cserepes, M., Ranđelović, I., Tátrai, E., Hegedűs, B., & Tóvári, J. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-70769-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Self-citationHIF-1α, VEGF and Tumor Invasion and Metastasis
崔, 昌. (2020) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2020.105124
Zhuoting, W., Wang, Y., Wei, W., Wenqi, S., Xin-rong, W., & Chen, M. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1205137/v1
Hypoxia-Regulated Gene Expression and Metastasis
Karlıtepe, A., Pi̇levneli̇, H., & Eren, M. K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-0313-9_6
Oncostatin M orchestrates collective epithelial migration via HIF1A activation
McLean, I. C., Gross, S. M., Liby, T. A., Dane, M. A., Derrick, D. S., & Heiser, L. M. (2026) · npj Systems Biology and Applications · doi:10.1038/s41540-026-00778-0
Wang, S., Cai, Y., Qingjie, F., Gao, J., & Teng, B. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.15020768
A Modeling Approach to Inform In Vitro Hypoxia Platforms for Patient-Specific Analyses
Qayyum, N. T., Cole, A. T., Oomen, P. J. A., Khayat, R., & Grosberg, A. (2026) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-026-04186-7 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mielczarek‐Puta, M., Otto‐Ślusarczyk, D., Żyżyńska‐Granica, B., Graboń, W., & Struga, M. (2026) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2026.07.041
Cdc42 in Tumor Hypoxia: Molecular Mechanisms of Cellular Adaptation
Askarova, S., Kadyr, S., Yermekova, A., Zhuraliyeva, A., Zhanadilova, B., Бегимбетова, Д., & Umbayev, B. A. (2026) · Oxygen · doi:10.3390/oxygen6040032
- Authors
- Tátrai, E., Bartal, A., Gacs, A., Paku, S., Kenessey, I., Garay, T., Hegedűs, B., Molnár, E., Cserepes, M. T., Hegedűs, Z., Kucsma, N., Szakács, G., & Tóvári, J.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Oncology (HU)
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences (HU)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Oncotarget
- Publisher
- Impact Journals, LLC
- Published
- 2017-05-11
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 27
- Pages
- 44498-44510
- ISSN
- 1949-2553 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5546497
- OpenAlex
- W2612102682
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 0.83
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Oncotarget (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Semmelweis University Repository (Semmelweis University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Magyar Tudományos Akadémia
- Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal (K116295)
- National Research, Development and Innovation Office
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Cancer, Hypoxia, and Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mechanisms of cancer metastasis
- Keywords
- tumor hypoxia, HIF-1α, tumor cell migration, cell proliferation, metastasis, RhoA activation, small GTPases, Rac1, Cdc42, cytoskeleton, cell cycle, cell adhesion, tumor cell motility, cell type-dependent response, cancer stem cells, tumor microenvironment, hypoxia-responsive genes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Hypoxia, Cell Movement, Cytoskeleton, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Male, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasms, Organ Specificity, Cell Hypoxia, Gene Expression, rhoA GTP-Binding Protein, Gene Silencing, Cell Line, Tumor, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, Heterografts
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
