RHO GTPASES: Biochemistry and Biology
Abstract
Approximately one percent of the human genome encodes proteins that either regulate or are regulated by direct interaction with members of the Rho family of small GTPases. Through a series of complex biochemical networks, these highly conserved molecular switches control some of the most fundamental processes of cell biology common to all eukaryotes, including morphogenesis, polarity, movement, and cell division. In the first part of this review, we present the best characterized of these biochemical pathways; in the second part, we attempt to integrate these molecular details into a biological context.
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Alternative perturbations such as mechanical stretching, RhoA-ROCK activation, or modification of lipid composition can induce significant disruption ranging from membrane-cytoskeleton decoupling, contractility-induced retraction to altered lipid composition and gene expression.
“Alternative perturbations such as mechanical stretching73, RhoA-ROCK activation74–76, or the modification of lipid composition77 can induce significant disruption ranging from membrane-cytoskeleton decoupling, contractility-induced retraction to altered lipid composition and gene expression.”
From Ghost Neuron preparation unlocks high-resolution structural mapping of intracellular architecture in axons (2026) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Jaffe, A. B., & Hall, A.
- Affiliations
- Cancer Research UK (GB)
- ORCID
- Jaffe, Aron B.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2005-11-01
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 247-269
- ISSN
- 1081-0706 (ISSN-L)
- 1530-8995
- OpenAlex
- W2102312968
- Cited by
- 3,009
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 58 · 2025: 80 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 102 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 110 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 113 · 2018: 97 · 2017: 134 · 2016: 175 · 2015: 176 · 2014: 184 · 2013: 207 · 2012: 211
- FWCI
- 12.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Cancer Research UK
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular transport and secretion
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Keywords
- Rho GTPases, small GTPases, molecular switches, cell morphology, cell polarity, cell motility, cell division, signal transduction, Rho effectors
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biochemical Phenomena, Biochemistry, Biology, Humans, Models, Biological, rho GTP-Binding Proteins
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