A meta-analysis of bees’ responses to anthropogenic disturbance
Open accessAbstract
Pollinators may be declining globally, a matter of concern because animal pollination is required by most of the world's plant species, including many crop plants. Human land use and the loss of native habitats is thought to be an important driver of decline for wild, native pollinators, yet the findings of published studies on this topic have never been quantitatively synthesized. Here we use meta‐analysis to synthesize the literature on how bees, the most important group of pollinators, are affected by human disturbances such as habitat loss, grazing, logging, and agriculture. We obtained 130 effect sizes from 54 published studies recording bee abundance and/or species richness as a function of human disturbance. Both bee abundance and species richness were significantly, negatively affected by disturbance. However, the magnitude of the effects was not large. Furthermore, the only disturbance type showing a significant negative effect, habitat loss and fragmentation, was statistically significant only in systems where very little natural habitat remains. Therefore, it would be premature to draw conclusions about habitat loss having caused global pollinator decline without first assessing the extent to which the existing studies represent the status of global ecosystems. Future pollinator declines seem likely given forecasts of increasing land‐use change.
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Current data suggest an overall pattern of decline in insect diversity and abundance.
“Current data suggest an overall pattern of decline in insect diversity and abundance.”
From More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
Data for bees and moths suggest the same declining trend as for other well-studied taxa.
“Data for other well-studied taxa such as bees [8–14] and moths [15–18] suggest the same trend.”
From More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
The number of studies on insect trends with sufficient replication and spatial coverage is limited and restricted to certain well-studied taxa.
“However, the number of studies on insect trends with sufficient replication and spatial coverage are limited [10, 23–25] and restricted to certain well-studied taxa.”
From More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
Recently reported declines in butterflies, wild bees and moths are in parallel with a severe loss of total aerial insect biomass, suggesting that the flying insect community as a whole has been decimated over the last few decades.
“Our results demonstrate that recently reported declines in several taxa such as butterflies [7, 25–27, 58], wild bees [8–14] and moths [15–18], are in parallel with a severe loss of total aerial insect biomass, suggesting that it is not only the vulnerable species, but the flying insect community as a whole, that has been decimated over the last few decades.”
From More than 75 percent decline over 27 years in total flying insect biomass in protected areas (2017) · cites this paper as [10]
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- Authors
- Winfree, R., Aguilar, R., Vázquez, D. P., LeBuhn, G., & Aizen, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (AR)
- San Francisco State University (US)
- Universidad Nacional del Comahue (AR)
- Corresponding author
- Winfree, Rachael
- Venue
- Ecology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-08
- Volume
- 90
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 2068-2076
- ISSN
- 0012-9658 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-9170
- OpenAlex
- W2146145096
- Cited by
- 1,050
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 73 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 93 · 2019: 83 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 80 · 2015: 50 · 2014: 68 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Licence
- Locations
- Ecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CONICET Digital (CONICET) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Funders
- National Academy of Sciences
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Plant and animal studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Keywords
- bees, pollinator decline, human disturbance, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, land use change, bee abundance, bee species richness, grazing, logging, pollination
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bees, Behavior, Animal, Human Activities, Biodiversity
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