CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 137Intimate Partner and Family ViolenceChild Abuse and TraumaChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

Effects of Early Exposure and Lifetime Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) on Child Adjustment

Graham-Bermann, Sandra A., Perkins, Suzanne·2010·Violence and Victims
DOI 10.1891/0886-6708.25.4.427
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Children exposed to overwhelming and potentially traumatic events early in their lives are considered at-risk for problems in adjustment. Yet it is not known whether it is the age of first exposure (AFE) to violence or the amount of violence that the child witnessed in their lifetime that has the greatest impact on adjustment. For a sample of 190 children ages 6 to 12 exposed to intimate partner violence, their mothers reported that the average length of their abusive relationship was 10 years. The majority of children were first exposed to family violence as infants (64%), with only 12% first exposed when school-aged. Both the AFE and an estimate of the cumulative amount of violence were significantly and negatively related to children's behavioral problems. However, in regression analyses controlling for child sex, ethnicity, age, and family environment variables, cumulative violence exposure accounted for greater variance in adjustment than did AFE. Furthermore, cumulative violence exposure mediated the relationship between AFE and externalizing behavior problems, indicating that the cumulative exposure to IPV outweighed the AFE in its effect on child adjustment.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1891/0886-6708.25.4.427

Cites

43 of 43 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • When controlling for gender, ethnicity, age, and family environment variables, exposure to violence cumulatively over a child's lifetime accounts for more variance in adjustment than a child's age at first exposure.

    “When controlling for gender, ethnicity, age, and family environment variables, exposure to violence cumulatively over a child's lifetime accounts for more variance in adjustment than a child's age at first exposure (Graham-Bermann & Perkins, 2010).”

    From A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH (2014) · cites this paper as Graham-Bermann & Perkins, 2010

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Graham-Bermann, S. A., & Perkins, S.
Affiliations
University of Michigan (US)
ORCID
Perkins, Suzanne
Venue
Violence and Victims
Publisher
Springer Publishing Company
Published
2010-08
Volume
25
Issue
4
Pages
427-439
ISSN
  • 0886-6708 (ISSN-L)
  • 1945-7073
DOI
10.1891/0886-6708.25.4.427
OpenAlex
W2142845595
Cited by
137
References
43
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 4
FWCI
6.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Violence and Victims (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Public Health Service (510499)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH020041)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords
intimate partner violence, children exposed to violence, age of first exposure, child adjustment, behavioral problems, externalizing problems, domestic violence, mediation, child mental health
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Adolescent, Child, Child Behavior, Child Behavior Disorders, Psychology, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Parent-Child Relations, Risk Factors, Spouse Abuse, Child of Impaired Parents, Domestic Violence, Age of Onset

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review