The Effectiveness of Subgingival Scaling and Root Planing in Calculus Removal
Open accessAbstract
T his study presents an evaluation of the effectiveness of subgingival scaling and root planing related to depth of pocket and type of teeth. A total of 119 teeth in 25 patients were selected; 62 were scaled and 57 were used as controls. All teeth were initially scored using the calculus index of the P.D.I. (Ramfjord). Six surface locations were probed to determine pocket depth. The levels of the gingival margin were marked on the teeth to locate supra and subgingival calculus after extraction. The experimental teeth then were scaled. Both scaled and unsealed teeth were extracted immediately after the experimental procedures. The teeth were washed with water and stained with methylene blue. They were viewed under a stereomicroscope which had a tenth grid on its eyepiece. Percent of surface covered by calculus was assessed on both scaled and unsealed teeth. The results demonstrated a high correlation between percent of residual calculus and pocket depth. It was shown that pockets less than 3 mm were the easiest sites for scaling and root planing. Pocket depths between 3 to 5 mm were more difficult to scale and pockets deeper than 5 mm were the most difficult. Tooth type did not influence the results.
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Complete removal of calculus on root surfaces is difficult in daily practice.
“However, such complete removal of calculus on root surfaces is difficult in daily practice (35).”
From Dental calculus: the calcified biofilm and its role in disease development (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
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Armitage, G. C. (1996) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0757.1996.tb00078.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Calculus removal from multirooted teeth with and without surgical access
Parashis, A. O., Anagnou-Vareltzides, A., & Demetriou, N. A. (1993) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb01762.x · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Sgolastra, F., Severino, M., Petrucci, A. B. C., Gatto, R., & Monaco, A. (2013) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/jre.12089 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Improving periodontal outcomes: merging clinical and behavioral science
Wilder, R. S., & Bray, K. K. (2016) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12125 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Efficacy of 5 Machining Instruments in Scaling of Molar Furcations
Takacs, V. J., Lie, T., Perala, D. G., & Adams, D. F. (1993) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.1993.64.3.228 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy in single-rooted teeth
Kim, T., Schenk, A., Lungeanu, D., Reitmeir, P., & Eickholz, P. (2007) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-007-0144-x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“However, these meta-analyses like many other studies on this issue before [3, 21, 25, 28] use mean values and are not able to reflect the benefit of a particular technique at teeth with certain defects, e.”
BackgroundKishida, M., Sato, S., & Ito, K. (2004) · Journal of Periodontal Research · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00715.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
The periodontally‐involved root surface
Corbet, E., Vaughan, A. J., & Kieser, J. B. (1993) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1993.tb00380.x · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Iorio‐Siciliano, V., Ramaglia, L., Isola, G., Blasi, A., Salvi, G. E., & Sculean, A. (2021) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-021-03841-8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Antimicrobial Advances in Treating Periodontal Diseases
Mombelli, A. (2011) · Frontiers of oral physiology/Frontiers of oral biology · doi:10.1159/000329676 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Martins, S. H. L., Novaes, A. B., Taba, M., Palioto, D. B., Messora, M. R., Reino, D. M., & de Souza, S. L. S. (2017) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/jcpe.12744 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Evaluation of the efficacy of 2% curcumin gel in the treatment of experimental periodontitis
Hosadurga, R., Rao, S., Jose, J., Rompicharla, N., Shakil, M., & Shashidhara, R. (2014) · Pharmacognosy Research · doi:10.4103/0974-8490.138287 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“The remnants of plaque and calculus can cause failure in periodontal treatment.[2] Chemotherapeutic agents can be used to enhance the results achieved by mechanical instrumentation or to improve outcomes at sites not responsive to conventional therapy.”
Effects of citric acid treatment on the Ca, P and Mg contents of human dental roots
Hennèquin, M., & Douillard, Y. (1995) · Journal Of Clinical Periodontology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-051x.1995.tb00804.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Potential of shock waves to remove calculus and biofilm
Müller, P., Guggenheim, B., Attin, T., Marlinghaus, E., & Schmidlin, P. R. (2010) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-010-0462-2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Should Antibiotics Be Prescribed to Treat Chronic Periodontitis?
Walters, J. D., & Lai, P. (2015) · Dental Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.cden.2015.06.011 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“As previously mentioned, SRP loses some of its ability to eliminate subgingival biofilm as pocket probing depths increase.(33,34) Despite this, the magnitude of probing depth reduction and clinical attachment gain resulting from SRP is greatest at periodontal sites with deep pretreatment probing depths (Table 3).”
BackgroundMichaud, R. M., Schoolfield, J., Mellonig, J. T., & Mealey, B. L. (2007) · Journal of Periodontology · doi:10.1902/jop.2007.070251 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Dental Hygiene Faculty Calibration in the Evaluation of Calculus Detection
Garland, K. V., & Newell, K. J. (2009) · Journal of Dental Education · doi:10.1002/j.0022-0337.2009.73.3.tb04710.x · Cited by 40 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rabbani, G. M., Ash, M. M., & Caffesse, R. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Periodontology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1981-03
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 119-123
- ISSN
- 0022-3492 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-3670
- OpenAlex
- W2003469771
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Journal of Periodontology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Deep Blue (University of Michigan) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Periodontal Regeneration and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Pharmacy › Oral and gingival health research
- Keywords
- subgingival scaling and root planing, calculus removal, calculus index, probing depth, tooth type
- MeSH terms
- Dental Calculus, Dental Prophylaxis, Humans, Periodontal Pocket, Dental Scaling, Subgingival Curettage, Tooth, Tooth Root
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