The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Learners' Perspectives on what is Missing from Online Learning: Interpretations through the Community of Inquiry Framework
Open accessAbstract
Despite the success that instructors and learners often enjoy with online university courses, learners have also reported that they miss face-to-face contact when learning online. The purpose of this inquiry was to identify learners’ perceptions of what is missing from online learning and provide recommendations for how we can continue to innovate and improve the online learning experience. The inquiry was qualitative in nature and conducted from a constructivist perspective. Ten learners who had indicated that they missed and/or would have liked more face-to-face contact following their participation in an online course were interviewed to elicit responses that would provide insights into what it is they miss about face-to-face contact when learning online. Five themes emerged: robustness of online dialogue, spontaneity and improvisation, perceiving and being perceived by the other, getting to know others, and learning to be an online learner. Garrison and colleagues’ (Garrison, Anderson, & Archer, 2000) community of inquiry framework was used to interpret the findings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Handbook of Qualitative Research
Crozier, G., Denzin, N., & Lincoln, Y. (1994) · British Journal of Educational Studies · doi:10.2307/3121684 · Cited by 26,666
(1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 18,397
DEWEY, J. M. (1910) · Cited by 6,801
Critical Inquiry in a Text-Based Environment: Computer Conferencing in Higher Education
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (1999) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/s1096-7516(00)00016-6 · Cited by 6,619
The social psychology of telecommunications
Gray, G. R. H. (1977) · Telecommunications Policy · doi:10.1016/0308-5961(77)90016-7 · Cited by 3,461
Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education
Garrison, D. R., Anderson, T., & Archer, W. (2001) · American Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.1080/08923640109527071 · Cited by 3,044
Qualitative research for education
Bogdan, R. (1981) · Cited by 2,237
Salmon, G., & Salmon, G. (2004) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203465424 · Cited by 2,201
Social presence as a predictor of satisfaction within a computer‐mediated conferencing environment
Gunawardena, C. N., & Zittle, F. J. (1997) · American Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.1080/08923649709526970 · Cited by 2,005
ASSESSING TEACHING PRESENCE IN A COMPUTER CONFERENCING CONTEXT
Anderson, T., Rourke, L., Garrison, R., & Archer, W. (2001) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v5i2.1875 · Cited by 1,885
Cited by
Researching the community of inquiry framework: Review, issues, and future directions
Garrison, D. R., & Arbaugh, J. B. (2007) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2007.04.001 · Cited by 1,653
Measuring Student Engagement in the Online Course: The Online Student Engagement Scale (OSE)
Dixson, M. D. (2015) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v19i4.561 · Cited by 707
“…an effective community of learners: social presence, teaching presence, and cognitive presence (Akyol & Garrison, 2011; Akyol & Garrison, 2014; Annand, 2011; Garrison, 2007; Arbaugh, 2008; Garrison & Anderson, 2003; Garrison & Arbaugh, 2007; Shea et al., 2010; Stodel, Thompson, & MacDonald, 2006).”
Does the Community of Inquiry Framework Predict Outcomes in Online MBA Courses?
Arbaugh, J. B. (2008) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v9i2.490 · Cited by 230
The Identification of Competencies for Online Teaching Success
Bigatel, P. M., Ragan, L. C., Kennan, S., May, J., & Redmond, B. F. (2012) · Online Learning · doi:10.24059/olj.v16i1.215 · Cited by 177
Asunka, S. (2008) · The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning · doi:10.19173/irrodl.v9i3.586 · Cited by 100
Metadata
- Authors
- Stodel, E. J., Thompson, T. L., & MacDonald, C. J.
- Venue
- The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning
- Publisher
- Athabasca University Press
- Published
- 2006-12-20
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- ISSN
- 1492-3831 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1851760432
- Cited by
- 314
- References
- 50
- FWCI
- 53.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Learners' Perspectives on what is Missing from Online Learning: Interpretations through the Community of Inquiry Framework. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.19173/irrodl.v7i3.325
- The paper
- Stodel, E. J., Thompson, T. L., & MacDonald, C. J. (2006). Learners' Perspectives on what is Missing from Online Learning: Interpretations through the Community of Inquiry Framework. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v7i3.325
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.