Quaternion-Spin and Some Consequences

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

A simulation generates the EPR correlation in Figure 3, decomposing the cosine similarity curve into a triangle from product-state polarization and a French Mustache purely from coherence.

“A simulation confirms this and generates the EPR correlation in Figure 3”

• cites [6]Not checked yet

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• AssumptionRests on an assumption: There is no statistical interference between EPR pairs, and every pair produces a coincidence event.

May combine two claims.

The CHSH form of Bell's Inequalities is 2 for polarization and 1 for coherence, giving a total of 3.

“The CHSH form of BI, [11], is 2 for polarization and 1 for the coherence, giving a total of 3.”

• cites [11]Not checked yet

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The quote only partly states this claim.

The total correlation is the sum of the polarization and coherence contributions, E = Ep δp + Ec δc.

“The correlation from each is evaluated to obtain the full correlation as shown in Figure 3 being the sum of the two contributions.”

May combine two claims.

The product-state correlation has a CHSH value of 2 and does not violate Bell's theorem.

“This has a CHSH value of 2, not violating Bell's theorem.”

May combine two claims.

The energies from the eigenvalues are E = ± sqrt(m^2 + p3^2 + p1^2), interpreted as opposite precessions of the (e1,e3) axes.

“which is the usual results but with the momentum from the two axes.We interpret these two energies as the opposite precessions of the (e 1 , e 3 ) axes as depicted in Figure 2.”

May combine two claims.

Observed EPR coincidence correlations are not consistent with a product state but give the full correlation.

“From EPR coincidence experiments, the observed correlation is not consistent with a product state, Eq.( 11) but rather gives the full correlation displayed in Eq. (10).”

• cites [2]Not checked yet

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• cites [3]Not checked yet

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• cites [4]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

Each attribute obeys BI with a CHSH of two for polarization and one for coherence, from the simulation.

“Each attribute obeys BI with a CHSH of two for polarization and one for coherence, from the simulation.”

May combine two claims.

Summing the two mirror states cancels the bivector and subtracting them cancels the (1,3) polarizations, leading to states that are odd and even with respect to parity.

“Note that summing the two states cancels the bivector and subtracting them cancels the (1,3) polarizations, leading to states that are odd and even with respect to parity,”

May combine two claims.

Whereas QM gives Tsirel'son's bound of 2√2=2.828, the simulation gives a maximum violation with a CHSH of 3.

“Whereas QM gives Tsirel'son's bound, [12], of 2 √ 2 = 2.828, the simulation gives a maximum violation with a CHSH of 3.”

• cites [12]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

This process generates the mustache function in Figure 3, which is closely fit by the following function.

“This process generates the mustache function in Figure 3, which is closely fit by the following function which is plotted in Figure 7”

• AssumptionThe authors state this as an assumption: The closer axis is favoured to align.

May combine two claims.

Three quarters of the time, the correlation is due to fermion polarization and one quarter of the time, the correlation is due to the boson coherence.

“Three quarters of the time, the correlation is due to fermion polarization and one quarter of the time, the correlation is due to the boson coherence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

We have found a microscopic fermionic spin of 1/2 magnitude with a microscopic 4th dimensional hyperspace which carries a quantum of energy.

“We have found a microscopic fermionic spin of 1 2 magnitude with a microscopic 4 th dimensional hyperspace which carries a quantum of energy.”

May combine two claims.

When Alice and Bob set their polarizers to be parallel, the anti-correlation is -1 whereas if the polarizers are anti-parallel, the correlation is +1.

“When Alice and Bob set their polarizers to be parallel, the anti-correlation is -1 whereas if the polarizers are anti-parallel, the correlation is +1.”

May combine two claims.

Alice and Bob's states have opposite polarization (diagonal elements) and opposite helicity (off-diagonal elements) in the two by two matrices.

“This shows Alice and Bob's states with opposite polarization (diagonal elements), and opposite helicity, (off-diagonal elements) in the two by two matrices.”

May combine two claims.

For polarized states, only the sign of the aligning vector determines the correlation, generating the triangle correlation in Figure 3 with a CHSH value of 2.

“For polarized states, only the sign of the aligning vector determines the correlation and this is easily modeled by finding if the polarization vector is positive or negative.This generates the triangle correlation in Figure 3 with a CHSH value of 2.”

May combine two claims.

The angular momentum pairs in Eq.(57) are represented in the same vector space, and so are not complementary pairs.

“The angular momentum pairs in Eq.( 57) are represented in the same vector space, and so are not complementary pairs.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The conjugate pairs in Eq.(56) are represented in different, inverse spaces.

“Moreover, the conjugate pairs in Eq.( 56) are represented in different, inverse, spaces.”

May combine two claims.

The full correlation from the entangled state is the sum of the product and coherent contributions and equals -cos(θa - θb).

“E (a, b) = E (a, b) prod + E (a, b) coh = -cos θ a cos θ b -sin θ a sin θ b = -cos (θ a -θ b )(55)”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

One term describes left helicity and the other right helicity for each quadrant.

“One term describe left helicity and the other right helicity for each quadrant.”

May combine two claims.

The maximum correlation from coherence for the CHSH inequality is determined by filter settings that differ by π/4, giving S = 2√2.

“The maximum correlation from coherence for the S=CHSH inequality is determined by the filter setting that differ by π 4 , as shown in Figure 10, and giving, S = a 1 • (d + c) + a 3 • (d -c) = 1 √ 2 (d + c) • (d + c) + 1 √ 2 (d -c) • (d -c) = 2 √ 2 (37”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

There are two product states in Eq.(38) for each BFF quadrant that can emerge.

“There are two product states in Eq.( 38) for each BFF quadrant that can emerge, see Figure 10.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

Each term represents a polarization direction and its helicity.

“Each term represents a polarization direction and its helicity.”

May combine two claims.

Neutrinos are unnecessary because in free-flight an electron is a boson.

“In particle physics and the Standard Model, we show that neutrinos are unnecessary since in free-flight an electron is a boson, obviating the need for neutrinos.”

May combine two claims.

The local singlet state is an approximation giving a CHSH value of 2.828, whereas the true value from the simulation is CHSH 3.

“We show that the local singlet state is an approximation giving a CHSH value of 2.828, whereas we argue the true value is from the simulation with a CHSH of 3.”

May combine two claims.

Qubits disappear in free-flight, with implications for quantum computing.

“Qubits disappear in free-fight, with implications for quantum computing.”

May combine two claims.

There is no bivector in the Dirac equation, so helicity cannot be found from it.

“There is no bivector in the Dirac equation so the helicity cannot be found from it.”

May combine two claims.

In an anisotropic polarizing field, the free-flight boson spin decouples into its two axes; one aligns with the filter axis and the second randomizes in the filtering process.

“In an anisotropic polarizing field, the boson spin in free-flight decouples into its two axes [6].”

• cites [6]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

The mechanisms responsible for the violation of the CHSH inequality are due to the transition from a boson to a fermion, showing there is no quantum weirdness.

“We give the mechanisms that are responsible for the violation of CHSH inequality as due to the transition from a boson to a fermion, thereby showing there is no quantum weirdness.”

May combine two claims.

In free-flight, the two orthogonal spin axes couple to give a coherent or resonant spin 1 with magnetic moment 2μ, producing a boson.

“In free-flight these two axes must couple to give a coherent or resonant spin 1 with a magnetic moment of 2µ, Figure 2. A boson is produced.”

May combine two claims.

The extra correlation in EPR is from helicity and not from non-locality; Bell's theorem is not violated here.

“The extra correlation is from helicity and not from non-locality as Bell's theorem asserts.”

May combine two claims.

Quantum information theory, which rests entirely on Bell's theorem, must be reassessed; quantum teleportation and other quantum technologies fail.

“The field of quantum information theory, which rests entirely of Bell's theorem, must be reassessed.Quantum teleportation and other quantum technologies fail.”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

In the geometric product, the symmetric first term gives polarization and the antisymmetric second term gives coherence; these are complementary attributes of spin.

“The first term is symmetric and gives the polarization.The second term is antisymmetric and gives the coherence.”

May combine two claims.

The resonance between the two orthogonal axes stabilizes the 2D structure and lowers its energy.

“This resonance between the two orthogonal axes stabilizes the 2D structure, and lowers its energy.”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

Each spin has its own spin spacetime, and these break into a 2D spin spacetime for polarization and the 4D hypersphere S3 with four spatial dimensions.

“Since every spin is differently oriented, each has its own spin spacetime.”

May combine two claims.

Helicity obviates the need for non-locality, and Nature becomes local and real.

“After showing that helicity obviates the need for non-locality, there are a number of fundamental differences from the point particle spin that Dirac found.Besides now displaying structure, rather than a point, Nature becomes local and real.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

There are no Local Hidden Variables, and the only variable is θ, which orients a spin on the Bloch sphere.

“There are no Local Hidden Variables (LHV) and the only variable is θ which orients a spin on the Bloch sphere.”

May combine two claims. The quote only partly states this claim.

Q-spin is an anyon, allowing both complementary fermionic and bosonic properties; only 2D structures admit anyons.

“Q-spin is an anyon, [10] which allows both complementary fermionic and bosonic properties.”

• cites [10]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

Neither polarization nor coherence alone violates Bell's Inequalities, but their sum does because EPR coincidence experiments cannot yet distinguish clicks from polarization and coherence.

“Although neither polarization nor coherence violate BI their sum does because EPR coincidence experiments cannot yet distinguish between clicks that are from polarization and coherence.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The two spins of Q-spin precess oppositely and are in phase.

“Note the two spins precess oppositely and are in phase.”

May combine two claims.

Using the quaternion group rather than SU(2) replaces Dirac's two-spin matter-antimatter hypothesis with one structured 2D spin in the 4D Dirac field, solving the negative energy problem.

“By using the quaternion group rather than SU(2), Dirac's two spin, matter-antimatter hypothesis, is replaced by one structured 2D spin in the 4D Dirac field.This change solves the negative energy problem faced by Dirac.”

May combine two claims.

The solution to the Weyl equation is a unit quaternion existing in the S3 hypersphere with four spatial dimensions; only its stereographic projection is projected into Minkowski spacetime.

“The solution to the Weyl equation, Eq.( 23), is a unit quaternion, [7,13], which exists in the S 3 hypersphere with four spatial dimensions.These are beyond our spacetime and its role is to spin the e 2 axis and consequently the disc.Only the stereographic projection of spin polarization is projected into Minkowski spacetime.”

• cites [7]Not checked yet

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• cites [13]Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The anti-commutation of the γμs matrices ensures that energy is conserved and the Klein-Gordon equation is recovered.

“The anti-commutation of the γ µ s matrices ensures that energy is conserved and the Klein-Gordon equation is recovered.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The term γ2s is not a spatial component but is time-like and a frequency; this dimension is the origin of quantum coherence leading to helicity.

“The order of the components in SS is (0, 3, 1, 2) and the term γ2 s is not a spatial component, but rather time-like and a frequency.This dimension is the origin of quantum coherence that leads to the formulation of helicity.”

May combine two claims.

The conclusion of Bell-type experiments that local realism is challenged is incorrect; their data show evidence for local realism.

“The paper's conclusion is incorrect claiming local realism is challenged.Rather their data shows just the opposite: evidence for local realism by the existence of elements of reality that account for the apparent violation.”

May combine two claims.

Their Eq.(5) is impossible and the notion of quantum teleportation collapses.

“Therefore their Eq.( 5) is impossible and the notion of quantum teleportation collapses.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

There exist a number of critics that raise cogent doubts of the applicability of Bell's Theorem.

“Despite the wide acceptance of Bell's theorem, there exist a number of critics that raise cogent doubts of the applicability of Bell's Theorem , see [38]- [49].”

• cites [38]- [49]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

Entanglement is a vital property of QM but does not persist after separation to non-local situations.

“Therefore we accept entanglement as a vital property of QM but reject that it persists after separation, [8], to non-local situations.”

• cites [8]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

The quaternion is not observable but is an element of reality of spin in the different physical space of quaternions.

“The quaternion is not observable but it is, nonetheless, an element of reality of spin in the different physical space of quaternions.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

In free-flight, the two spin axes on the same particle have equal but opposite energy, opposite magnetic moments, and constructively interfere to form the resonance boson of Q-spin.

“In free-flight, the two spin axes on the same particle have equal but opposite energy, opposite magnetic moments, and constructively interfere to form the resonance boson of Q-spin.”

May combine two claims.

Consistent with a photon, Q-spin has no m = 0 component nor a singlet state because the mirror symmetry between the two axes cannot then be maintained.

“However, consistent with a photon, Q-spin has no m = 0 component nor a singlet state because the mirror symmetry between the two axes cannot then be maintained.”

May combine two claims.

Coincidence experiments are not sensitive to the different origin of polarization and coherence clicks; events are from two complementary sources to which the experiment is blind.

“Despite having quoted Pauli that different apparatus are need to detect complementary attributes, we suggest that coincidence experiments are not sensitive to the different origin of polarization and coherence clicks.Therefore from these experiments, events are from two different complementary sources to which the experiment is blind.”

May combine two claims.

The Law of Conservation of Geometric Correlation states that in separation no correlation is lost but is divided between symmetry modes; entanglement is not necessary to preserve correlation after separation.

“This is an example of the Law of Conservation of Geometric Correlation, [8] which states that in the separation process, no correlation is lost, but rather it is divided between the various symmetry modes from the decomposition of such entangled states.Entanglement is not necessary to preserve the correlation after separation.”

• cites [8]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

The commutation relations of the sigma components do not obey the complementarity definition for angular momentum; both spin components are angular momentum, whereas one component of complementary attributes must be a function of angle, not its derivative.

“The commutation relations of the sigma components do not obey the above but rather, σ i , σ j = 2iσ k .Also both spin components are angular momentum, whereas one component of complementary attributes must be a function of the angle, and not its derivative.”

May combine two claims.

The bivector component (2) describes a massless Weyl spinor in coherent space; within coherent space time does not exist beyond the constant frequency of its spinning, while time and rest mass remain in polarization space.

“The bivector component, (2), describes a massless Weyl spinor in coherent space, Eq.( 23).Within coherent space, (2), time does not exist beyond the constant frequency of its spinning.Time and rest mass remain in polarization space.”

May combine two claims.

The polarization (particle), σ, and the coherence (wave), iσ, are complementary attributes such that polarization exists only in an anisotropic environment as a fermion, whereas coherence exists only in an isotropic environment as a boson.

“The polarization (particle), σ, and the coherence (wave), iσ are manifest as complementary attributes such that the polarization exists only in an anisotropic environment as a fermion, whereas the coherence exists only in an isotropic environment as a boson,”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The only variable is the angle θ which orients a spin on the Bloch sphere (with an azimuthal component of zero).

“The only variable is the angle θ which orients a spin on the Bloch sphere (with an azimuthal component of zero).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Without Bell's theorem, persistence of entanglement between separated pairs is not possible.

“Without Bell's theorem, persistence of entanglement between separated pairs is not possible.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

This description rests upon the same mathematical basis as the Dirac field.

“This description, quite different from Dirac's matter-antimatter interpretation, nonetheless, rests upon the same mathematical basis as the Dirac field.”

May combine two claims.

Spin spacetime separates into polarization spacetime (0,3,1) and coherent space (2); the Hermitian part is the usual Dirac equation in two dimensions.

“Spin spacetime separates into two distinct spaces: polarization spacetime, (0, 3, 1), Eq.( 22); and coherent space (not spacetime) (2), Eq.( 23).The Hermitian part, Eq.( 22), is the same as the usual Dirac equation, but in two dimensions rather than three.”

May combine two claims.

There is no linear time β in the Weyl equation, so there can be no boosts, only rotations; the left and right solutions are identical, ψR = ψL.

“Note that there is no linear time, β in the Weyl equation so there can be no boosts, only rotations.This means the left and right solutions are identical, ψ R = ψ L , [32].”

• cites [32]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

The Dirac equation separates into two distinct complementary spaces: a 2D Dirac equation in the (1,3) plane and a Weyl equation for a massless spinor.

“This separates the Dirac equation into two distinct and separate spaces which are the complementary spaces of Q-spin: the first is a 2D Dirac equation in the (1,3) plane, and the second is the Weyl equation for a massless spinor,”

May combine two claims.

Spin polarization and helicity both simultaneously exist as elements of reality.

“Spin polarization and helicity both simultaneously exist as elements of reality; coincidence experiments are sensitive to both polarization and helicity Eq.( 13); the experimental violation of Bell's inequalities confirms local realism.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

If non-locality is untenable, there must be an objective alternative, and Q-spin fills that requirement.

“It therefore follows that if the notion of non-locality is untenable, then there must be an objective alternative.We assert that Q-spin fills that requirement.”

• AssumptionThe authors state this as an assumption: If something does not make physical sense to us, it is probably wrong.
• AssumptionThe authors state this as an assumption: We are capable of following the logic of Nature, and the evidence we gather is not beyond the realm of our ability.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The SU(2) description of Dirac spin shows it is a point particle with three spatial components (σX, σY, σZ), with its antimatter twin the opposite (-σX, -σY, -σZ), being the reflection of its partner.

“The SU(2) description of Dirac spin shows it is a point particle with three spatial components, (σ X , σ Y , σ Z ) of σ, with its antimatter twin the opposite, (-σ X , -σ Y , -σ Z ), being the reflection, or mirror image, of its partner.”

May combine two claims.

Orthogonal components of the Pauli spin vector are not complementary attributes; they are only incompatible because they are measured in the same apparatus.

“It is widely and erroneously believed that orthogonal components of the Pauli spin vector, which do not commute, are complementary attributes.Even though they lead to the Heisenberg uncertainty relationship, these spin components are only incompatible since they are measured in the same apparatus which can be rotated at will to detect any component.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

In the presentation here, there are no hidden variables and consequently there can be no loopholes.

“We first point out that in the presentation here, there are no hidden variables and consequently there can be no loopholes.”

May combine two claims.

The new Dirac equation in spin spacetime replaces γ2 with γ2s, giving a non-Hermitian equation.

“The new equation in SS replaces γ 2 → γ2 s which gives a non-Hermitian equation by virtue of γ2 s ,”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The polarized states of up and down that make a qubit cannot persist in free-flight when the fermions change to bosons.

“We suggest this needs to be re-examined since the polarized states of up and down that make a qubit, cannot persist in free-flight when the fermions change to bosons.”

May combine two claims.

The concept of quantum teleportation is unfeasible, along with emerging technologies that use it.

“The concept of quantum teleportation is unfeasible, along with emerging technologies [20,22] that use it.”

• cites [20]Not checked yet

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• cites [22]Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Without Bell's Theorem, the definitions of non-locality cannot be supported.

“Without Bell's Theorem, these definitions cannot be supported.”

May combine two claims.

The mustache function is a result of coherence and is responsible for the observed violation of Bell's Inequalities; the violation is not due to non-locality.

“We conclude the mustache function is a result of coherence and is responsible for the observed violation of BI.That is, the violation is not due to non-locality.”

May combine two claims.

Incompatible complementary attributes are represented in inverse, dual, or complementary spaces belonging to different exclusive convex sets; this rules out Pauli spin components, which belong to the same convex set.

“However, incompatible complementary attributes are represented in inverse, dual, or complementary spaces which belong to different, exclusive, convex sets.This further rules out Pauli spin components which belong to the same convex set.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Under Q8, a Q-spin is one particle with four states, represented by γ0s, γ1s, ±γ2s, γ3s, displaying both L and R helicities via the ±1.

“In contrast, under Q 8 , a Q-spin is one particle with four states, and represented by γ 0 s , γ 1 s , ± γ2 s , γ 3 s , displaying both L and R helicities via the ±1.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Quantum computing partly rests upon Bell's theorem and entirely rests on the persistence and stability of qubits.

“We do not suggest that quantum computing is unfeasible, but it too partly rests upon Bell's theorem and entirely rests on the persistence and stability of qubits.”

May combine two claims.

The coherent terms in the singlet state operator are responsible for entanglement and preclude the product state; dropping them makes the singlet state a product state.

“The coherent terms are responsible for the entanglement and preclude the product state.If those two coherent states are dropped, then the singlet state becomes a product state.”

May combine two claims.

Bell's theorem is only applicable to classical systems, giving a CHSH bound of 2, which is never violated.

“Rather we assert that the theorem is only applicable to classical system, giving a CHSH bound of 2, which is never violated.”

May combine two claims.

Coincidence experiments contain contributions from purely polarization and purely coherent events, each belonging to a different convex set.

“Therefore, we assert coincidence experiments contain contributions from purely polarization and purely coherent events, but, because they exist in complementary spaces, each belongs to a different convex set.”

May combine two claims.

The notion of non-locality rests upon the violation of BI, which have nothing to do with quantum mechanics but provide a useful quantitative classical definition of the 'Invisible Boundary' between the microscopic and macroscopic.

“The notion of non-locality rests upon the violation of BI, [5] which have nothing to do with quantum mechanics but provide a useful quantitative classical definition of the “Invisible Boundary” [36] between the microscopic and macroscopic.”

• cites [5]Not checked yet

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• cites [36]Not checked yet

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Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

By finding a 2D planar structure of an electron, it is no longer a point particle, whereas all elementary particles in the Standard Model are point particles.

“By finding a 2D planar structure of an electron, it is no longer a point particle, whereas all the elementary particles in the Standard Model are point particles.”

May combine two claims.

Events arise from either polarization or coherence, which cannot be mixed; probabilities are replaced by Boolean operators δp and δc.

“We expect, however, events to arise from either polarization or from coherence, which cannot be mixed.With no mixed states, the probabilities are replaced by Boolean operators that ensure complementarity: that is, a click is either from pol (polarization), or from coh (coherence),”

May combine two claims.

The experiment polarized the cobalt atoms in a strong magnetic field immersed in a cryostat at 3 mK, and the beta electrons were measured in the presence of the magnetic field.

“The experiment, [15], polarized the cobalt atoms in a strong magnetic field which was immersed in a cryostat at 3 mK.Wu reported one experimental difficulty was placing the detectors inside the cryostat.This means that the beta electrons were measured in the presence of the magnetic field.”

• cites [15]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

Quaternion spin in free-flight is a boson which obviates the neutrino being a fermion.

“Quaternion spin in free-flight, however, is a boson which obviates the neutrino being a fermion (call it naked),”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The spinor spins the polarization; the indistinguishably of the two polarization axes creates the parity for the helicity to know which way to spin.

“The spinor spins the polarization; the indistinguishably of the two polarization axes creates the parity for the helicity to know which way to spin.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Helicity is the complementary attribute to spin polarization.

“taking almost 100 years to find helicity is the complementary attribute to spin polarization.”

• cites [5]Not checked yet

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• AssumptionRests on an assumption: Until now the complementary property to angular momentum has not been discovered.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

A spin 1/2 precesses at the magic angle of 54.74 degrees while a spin 1 makes an angle of 45 degrees.

“A spin 1 2 precesses at the magic angle of 54.74 degrees while a spin 1 makes an angle of 45 degrees.”

May combine two claims.

In a strong polarizing field, in some cases the boson is encountered intact and in others it decouples to the fermion.

“We conclude that in a strong polarizing field, in some cases the boson is encountered intact and in others it decouples to the fermion.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

In a field, the Larmor precession of the bosons is twice that of the fermion electrons.

“First, in a field, the Larmor precession of the bosons is twice that of the fermion electrons.”

May combine two claims.

The Q-spin treatment supports the notion that polarization carries two axes while the coherence initially carries only one, being the coupled boson of spin 1.

“Essentially the Q-spin treatment here supports the notion that polarization carries two axes while the coherence initially carries only one, being the coupled boson of spin 1, see Figure 6.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Quaternions are elements of reality possessed by spin, complementary to its vector polarizations.

“Quaternions are elements of reality possessed by spin, complementary to its vector polarizations.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Our work suggests replacing SU(2) with the quaternion group, Q8.

“Our work suggests replacing SU(2) with the quaternion group, Q 8 .”

May combine two claims.

Coherent states initially precess in a filter about the intact boson axis and must eventually decompose into the fermionic axes the closer the boson gets to the filter.

“Coherent states, in contrast, initially precess in a filter about the intact boson axis, see Figure 6.It must, however, eventually decompose into the fermionic axes the closer the boson gets to the filter.”

May combine two claims.

Helicity of Q-spin in free-flight carries different quanta of energy from one interaction to another, which can lead to the observed distribution of beta decay energies.

“Helicity of Q-spin in free-flight carries different quanta of energy from one interaction to another.This can lead to the observed distribution of beta decay energies which neutrinos were postulated to solve.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Quantum mechanics is a theory of measurement and is restricted to our spacetime.

“Rather it is a theory of measurement and restricted to our spacetime.”

May combine two claims.

Anti-Hermitian operators are not observables yet are elements of reality.

“We have used the same approach to evaluate anti-Hermitian operators that are not observables yet are elements of reality.”

• cites [8]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

The theory presented here agrees with the usual quantum result of cos(θaθb) without non-local 'EPR channels'.

“The theory presented here agrees with the usual quantum result ofcos(θ aθ b ) without non-local “EPR channels”, (see the appendix).”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Beta decay is fundamentally expressed as a neutron in a nucleus decaying into a proton by emitting a beta particle, a Fermi electron and an anti-neutrino.

“Beta decay is fundamentally expressed as a neutron in a nucleus decaying into a proton by emitting a beta particle, a Fermi electron and an anti-neutrino,”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Only two interpretations of quantum mechanics are microscopic: the ensemble interpretation and the de Broglie-Bohm interpretation.

“Only two are microscopic: the ensemble, [69] and de Broglie-Bohm, [70] interpretations.”

• cites [69]Not checked yet

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• cites [70]Not checked yet

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May combine two claims.

Although non-local entanglement is not possible, Q-spin presents an alternative that replaces non-locality.

“Although non-local entanglement is not possible, [6], Q-spin presents an alternative that replaces non-locality.”

• cites [6]Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The coherence and polarization do not commute and are incompatible elements of reality; they influence each other.

“The coherence and polarization do not commute and are incompatible elements of reality.They influence each other.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

The de Broglie-Bohm interpretation is a hidden-variable approach of Bohmian mechanics, and for it to be successful its quantum potential must be non-local.

“The latter is a Hidden Variable (HV) approach of Bohmian mechanics but in order to be successful its”

• cites [70]Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Wormholes are solutions to the Einstein Field Equations and are purely geometric distortions of spacetime, mathematically connecting different spacetime spaces.

“Wormholes are solutions to the Einstein Field Equations [61] and are purely geometric distortions of spacetime, mathematically connecting different spacetime spaces.”

• cites [61]Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Borderline on S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based): unclear from the text. May combine two claims.

The alignment and polarization of these axes is determined by their relative orientation with respect to the filter direction, and the strength of the applied field relative to the spin-spin coupling between the two axes is also relevant.

“The alignment and polarization of these axes is determined by their relative orientation with respect to the filter direction.Additionally the strength of the applied field relative to the spin-spin coupling between the two axes is also relevant.”

May combine two claims.

Entanglement is a property of QM, but not of Nature.

“That is entanglement is a property of QM, but not of Nature.”

May combine two claims.

Along the polar axis, the bosons remain coupled while along the equatorial axes, they uncouple into fermion spins.

“Along the polar axis, the bosons remain coupled while along the equatorial axes, they uncouple into fermion spins.”

May combine two claims.

Upon beta decay in the equatorial directions, boson electrons emerge into a strong polarizing field and immediately decouple so only fermion electrons impinge onto the detector; in polar directions boson electrons remain intact and do not decouple.

“Upon beta decay in the equatorial directions, boson electrons emerge into a strong polarizing field.These immediately decouple the boson so only fermion electrons impinge onto the detector.In contrast, in the polar directions the boson electrons remain intact and do not decouple.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The violation is due to correlation between the helicities.

“The violation is due to correlation between the helicities.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Bell encapsulated a classical boundary that quantum coherence exceeded, giving cryptic evidence for helicity.

“It is to Bell's credit, [5] that he encapsulated a classical boundary that the quantum coherence exceeded, that gives the cryptic evidence for helicity.”

• cites [5]Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based). May combine two claims.

The neutrino was hypothesized to be a fermion, without mass nor charge, which revealed that neutrinos have no mirror image and therefore violated parity.

“The neutrino was therefore hypothesized to be a fermion, without mass nor charge.This immediately revealed that neutrinos have no mirror image and therefore violated parity.”

May combine two claims.

Wu assumed that only fermion electrons emerged, and designed her detectors for them; some polar events might then be missed, suggesting her experiments favoured equatorial events over polar events.

“Wu assumed that only fermion electrons emerged, and designed her detectors for them.Some polar events might then be missed.If so, this suggests her experiments favoured equatorial events over polar events.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Without Bell's theorem, EPR are validated.

“Likewise, without Bell's theorem, EPR are validated.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

Such an ontological description of spin is contrary to the Copenhagen interpretation.

“Such an ontological description of spin is contrary to the Copenhagen interpretation, seen as particles manifesting differently in different spaces.”

May combine two claims.

The success of the Standard Model is marred by problems with the Weak Force, with Lepton number and parity violations.

“The success of the Standard Model, SU(3)⊗SU(2)⊗U(1), is marred by problems with the Weak Force, with Lepton number [55] and parity violations, [63].”

• cites [55]Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

• cites [63]Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based).

Reality must extend to the fourth dimensional quaternion projective space, the S3 hypersphere.

“Whereas we have found that reality must extend to the forth dimensional quaternion projective space, the S 3 hypersphere”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Wu's experiment with the decay of cobalt-60 nuclei showed that weak interactions violate parity conservation.

“However, Wu's experiment with the decay of cobalt-60 nuclei showed that weak interactions violate parity conservation.”

• cites [15]Not checked yet

  Not checked in the free run.

May combine two claims.

To get the full correlation, Alice and Bob's spins must both be Q-spins, which means both must lie within the π/4 wedge.

“To get the full correlation, Eq.( 67), Alice and Bob's spins must both be Q-spins which means both must lie within the π 4 wedge.”

May combine two claims.

Quantum mechanics is a theory of measurement, but not of Nature.

“This paper concludes QM is a theory of measurement, but not of Nature”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The Bloch vectors spin either left or right with a constant frequency.

“and these spin either L or R with a constant frequency.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The origin 1 of the unit quaternions coincides with the origin of the Bloch sphere.

“The origin 1 of the unit quaternions coincides with origin of the Bloch sphere's”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S4 (based). May combine two claims.

Nature is ontological and deterministic.

“which is ontological and deterministic.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

The outer coherent states are responsible for the difference between quantum mechanics and the classical simulation.

“and those, we suggest, are responsible for the difference between QM and the classical simulation.”

May combine two claims.

Different J components are only incompatible pairs, not complementary pairs.

“Since they do not commute, Heisenberg Uncertainty holds for different J components, but since are both represented in the same vector space, they are only incompatible pairs.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing), S4 (based).

The resonance spin of 1 has a Larmor precession proportional to 2μ before it decouples.

“We do not treat the dynamics of the 2D spin approaching the filter, but if the magnetic moment for each spin axis is µ, then the resonance spin of 1 has a Larmor precession proportional to 2µ before it decouples.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Only the 2x2 vector part of a spin, S, is projected into our spacetime.

“and only the 2x2 vector part of a spin, S, is projected into our spacetime.”