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Cited by 15Seedling growth and survival studiesForest ecology and managementGeology and Environmental Impact Studies

RED OAK SEEDLING RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT TOPSOIL SUBSTITUTES AFTER FIVE YEARS

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Burger, James A., Mitchem, David, Daniels, W. Lee·2007·Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation
DOI 10.21000/jasmr07010132
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Abstract

Northern red oak is a valuable commercial species occurring throughout the Appalachian Coalfields Region.It reportedly grows on mined land, but little is known about preferred site and soil conditions for this species on mined land.The purpose of our field study was to test red oak survival and growth rates on a variety of topsoil substitutes.The study is located in Wise Co., Virginia on the Marcum Hollow member of the Upper Wise Formation.The site was mined in 1979 and reclaimed in 1980.In 1981, field plots were constructed with different topsoil substitutes spoil mixes and pitch x loblolly pines were planted in 1983.In 2001 the pines were removed and replaced with red oaks in the winter of 2001-2002.Four replicate plots of five different mine spoil mixes were planted with nine red oak seedlings each.Mine spoils consisted of different proportions of weathered sandstone and un-weathered siltstone.Tree survival, height and diameter were measured each year for five years.Results show that survival and growth was best on topsoil substitutes consisting of a mix of sandstone and siltstone.Trees survived and grew poorly on plots constructed from either pure sandstone or siltstone.Reasons for the poor oak performance on the high sandstone plots were not clear, but could possibly be related to lower pH and available Ca levels.Poor oak performance on the pure siltstone plots was most likely related to higher rock fragment and lower bulk water holding content.

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  • Weathering removes soluble minerals from alkaline mine spoils, reducing electrical conductivity and pH to ranges comparable to native forest soils.

    “Weathering processes remove soluble minerals from alkaline mine spoils, causing reductions of both electrical conductivity and pH, to ranges comparable to native forest soils (Burger et al., 2007).”

    From Effects of surface coal mining and land reclamation on soil properties: A review (2019) · cites this paper as Burger et al., 2007

    The Results and Discussion (page not available in our copy) report that soil pH fell by about one unit and soluble salts dropped dramatically after years of weathering; the authors attribute the salt decline to long-term leaching. They say the soluble salt content reached the range for native forest soils, but do not say that pH did too. They also identify time and vegetation, as well as parent material, as influences on the observed soil changes. (LLM, conf=0.87)

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Research works printed but not linked: 7

  1. CEC x fine earth fraction Based on these data, the red oaks survived and grew poorly on the sandstone mine soil. This soil had the highest levels of available N and P, which were comparable to or higher than those found on an adjacent sandstone study site growing healthy 15-year-old sugar maples (Burger and Salzberg, in press). However, the sandstone pH in this study (4.7) was one unit lower than that on the sugar maple site (5.7). A combination of strong acidity and the lowest levels of extractable and exchangeable bases were possible causes, although red oak is known to grow relatively well in strongly acid, base-depleted soils (Hicks, 1998). Literature Cited
  2. Bower, C.A., and L.V. Wilcox. 1965. Soluble salts. P. 933-951. In: Methods of soil analysis, Pt. 2. C.A. Black (ed.). Amer. Soc. Agron. Pub. No.
  3. p. Burger, J.A., and A. Salzberg. 2007. Sugar maple response to weed control, liming and fertilization on a reclaimed mine soil in southwestern Virginia. N. J. Appl. For. (in press).
  4. Olsen, S.R., and L.E. Sommers. 1982. Phosphorus. p. 403-430. In: Methods of soil analysis, Pt. 2. Chemical and microbial properties. 2nd ed. Page, A.L., et al. (eds.). Amer. Soc. Agron. Pub. No.
  5. Stone, E.L. 1968. Micronutrient nutrition of forest trees: A review. p. 132-175. In: Forest fertilization - theory and practice. Tennessee Valley Auth., Knoxville, TN.
  6. Thomas, G.W. 1982. Exchangable cations. P. 160-161. In: Methods of soil analysis, Pt. 2. Chemical and microbial properties. 2nd ed. Page, A.L. et al. (eds.). Amer. Soc. Agron. Pub. No.
  7. Torbert, J.L., J.A. Burger and T. Probert. 1995. Evaluation of techniques to improve white pine establishment on an Appalachian minesoil. J. of Environ. Qual. 24: 869-873. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq1995.00472425002400050012x. · DOI

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Authors
Burger, J. A., Mitchem, D., & Daniels, W. L.
Affiliations
Virginia Tech (US)
ORCID
Daniels, W. Lee
Venue
Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation
Publisher
American Society of Reclamation Sciences (ASRS)
Published
2007-06-30
Volume
2007
Issue
1
Pages
132-142
ISSN
2328-8744 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.21000/jasmr07010132
OpenAlex
W2188284568
Cited by
15
References
22
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
FWCI
0.27
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation (publishedVersion)
Funders
Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Seedling growth and survival studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Forest ecology and management
  • Social Sciences › Law › Geology and Environmental Impact Studies
Keywords
Quercus rubra, mine spoil, mine reclamation, tree seedling survival, tree growth, sandstone, siltstone, rock fragment content, soil pH, calcium availability, water holding capacity, Appalachian coalfields, coal mining

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