The DOI matches its Crossref record; 131 of the 133 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Microglial priming in Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease of central nervous system (CNS). Nowadays, increasing evidence suggests that immune system plays a significant role in the mechanisms of AD's onset and progression. Microglia, the main participator in the immune system of CNS, is always regarded as a protector of our brain in a healthy state and also has a beneficial role in maintaining the homeostasis of CNS microenvironment. However, chronic and sustained stimulation can push microglia into the state termed priming. Primed microglia can induce the production of amyloid β (Aβ), tau pathology, neuroinflammation and reduce the release of neurotrophic factors, resulting in loss of normal neurons in quantity and function that has immense relationship with AD. The therapeutic strategies mainly aimed at modulating the microenvironment and microglial activity in CNS to delay progression and alleviate pathogenesis of AD. Overall, in this review, we highlight the mechanism of microglial priming, and discuss the profound relationship between microglial priming and AD. Besides, we also pay attention to the therapeutic strategies targeting at microglial priming.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The effort to find an innovative non-amyloid-based compound acting on neuroinflammation could be another treatment option since the growing body of evidence supports the involvement of the neuroimmune system, mast cells (MCs), and microglia in AD onset and progression [125,126].”
From Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [125]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Primed microglia can stimulate the release of Aβ and tau protein with the following formation of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, as well as reducing the production of neurotrophic factors [125].”
From Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: Beyond Symptomatic Therapies (2023) · cites this paper as [125]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Part of this paper’s reference list could not be split into single entries.
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
Heneka, M. T., Carson, M. J., Khoury, J. E., Landreth, G. E., Brosseron, F., Feinstein, D. L., Jacobs, A. H., Wyss-Coray, T., Vitorica, J., Ransohoff, R. M., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)70016-5 · Cited by 6,226
Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study
Ferri, C. P., Prince, M. J., Brayne, C., Brodaty, H., Fratiglioni, L., Ganguli, M., Hall, K. S., Hasegawa, K., Hendrie, H. C., Huang, Y., et al. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67889-0 · Cited by 5,336
Monocyte and macrophage heterogeneity
Gordon, S., & Taylor, P. R. (2005) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri1733 · Cited by 5,190
Zhang, Y., Chen, K., Sloan, S. A., Bennett, M. L., Scholze, A. R., O'Keeffe, S., Phatnani, H. P., Guarnieri, P., Caneda, C., Ruderisch, N., et al. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1860-14.2014 · Cited by 4,875
Microglia Sculpt Postnatal Neural Circuits in an Activity and Complement-Dependent Manner
Schafer, D. P., Lehrman, E. K., Kautzman, A. G., Koyama, R., Mardinly, A. R., Yamasaki, R., Ransohoff, R. M., Greenberg, M. E., Barres, B. A., & Stevens, B. (2012) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.03.026 · Cited by 4,089 · cited 1×
“In a nutshell, a wealth of evidence indicates that microglia have an irreplaceable role in brain development and are important in synaptic pruning and clearing cell debris (12-14).”
BackgroundComplement: a key system for immune surveillance and homeostasis
Ricklin, D., Hajishengallis, G., Yang, K., & Lambris, J. D. (2010) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni.1923 · Cited by 3,654 · cited 2×
“In the past several years, emerging lines of evidence have suggested that intricate neuroinflammation as a significant contributor to the priming of microglia, and all the above situations are closely related to neuroinflammation (17,21-23).”
BackgroundScheltens, P., Blennow, K., Breteler, M. M. B., de Strooper, B., Frisoni, G. B., Salloway, S., & Van der Flier, W. M. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)01124-1 · Cited by 3,125
NLRP3 is activated in Alzheimer’s disease and contributes to pathology in APP/PS1 mice
Heneka, M. T., Kummer, M. P., Stutz, A., Delekate, A., Schwartz, S., Vieira-Saecker, A., Griep, A., Axt, D., Remus, A., Tzeng, T.-C., et al. (2013) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature11729 · Cited by 2,898
Variant of TREM2 Associated with the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
Jonsson, T., Stefansson, H., Steinberg, S., Jonsdottir, I., Jonsson, P. V., Snaedal, J., Bjornsson, S., Huttenlocher, J., Levey, A. I., Lah, J. J., et al. (2013) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1211103 · Cited by 2,558
Tau in physiology and pathology
Wang, Y., & Mandelkow, E. (2016) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2015.1 · Cited by 2,251
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 133 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Guerreiro R, Hardy J. TREM2 and neurodegenerative disease. N Engl J Med 2013;369:1569-70.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–126 of 126
Systemic inflammation causes microglial dysfunction with a mixed AD-like pathologyPreprint
Bathini, P., Dupanloup, I., Zenaro, E., Terrabuio, E., Fischer, A., Ballabani, E., Doucey, M., & Alberi, L. A. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-145868/v1
Modulation of neuroinflammation by natural molecules
Maurya, S. K., & Mishra, R. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23763-8.00008-7
Neuroinflammation-microglia and neurodegeneration
Fathy, A. M., Mostafa, D. M., Sedeq, H. T., Hassan, H. A., Abdullah, H. W., Fawzy, M. M., Abdelgilil, M. E., Ebrahim, Y. A., & El-Sayed, W. M. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-15702-8.00005-1
Gawish, Z., Gamal, M., Elberry, D. A., Hegazy, E., Rashed, L. A., Hosny, S. A., Mehesen, M. N., & ShamsEldeen, A. M. (2025) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-025-05261-1
RNA virus and DNA virus initiations of autoimmune diseases and/or dementias
Roe, K. (2025) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2025.104481
Shin, H. J., Kim, I. S., Choi, S. G., Lee, K., Park, H., Shin, J., Kim, D., Beom, J., Yi, Y. Y., Gupta, D. P., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25424802
Daily, K. P., Badr, A., Eltobgy, M. M., Estfanous, S. Z. K., Whitham, O. D., Tan, M. H., Carafice, C., Krause, K., McNamara, A. J., Hamilton, K., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26678504
Shin, H. J., Kim, I. S., Choi, S. G., Lee, K., Park, H., Shin, J., Kim, D., Beom, J., Yi, Y. Y., Gupta, D. P., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26694294
Dubois, B., López‐Arrieta, J., Lipschitz, S., Triantafyllos, D., Spiru, L., Moroz, S., Venger, O., Vermersch, P., Moussy, A., Mansfield, C. D., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26571595
Shin, H. J., Kim, I. S., Choi, S. G., Lee, K., Park, H., Shin, J., Kim, D., Beom, J., Yi, Y. Y., Gupta, D. P., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26694276
Shin, H. J., Kim, I. S., Choi, S. G., Lee, K., Park, H., Shin, J., Kim, D., Beom, J., Yi, Y. Y., Gupta, D. P., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.25424750
Daily, K. P., Badr, A., Eltobgy, M. M., Estfanous, S. Z. K., Whitham, O. D., Tan, M. H., Carafice, C., Krause, K., McNamara, A. J., Hamilton, K., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26678501
Shin, H. J., Kim, I. S., Choi, S. G., Lee, K., Park, H., Shin, J., Kim, D., Beom, J., Yi, Y. Y., Gupta, D. P., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26694285
Shin, H. J., Kim, I. S., Choi, S. G., Lee, K., Park, H., Shin, J., Kim, D., Beom, J., Yi, Y. Y., Gupta, D. P., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26694279
Shin, H. J., Kim, I. S., Choi, S. G., Lee, K., Park, H., Shin, J., Kim, D., Beom, J., Yi, Y. Y., Gupta, D. P., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26694291
Shin, H. J., Kim, I. S., Choi, S. G., Lee, K., Park, H., Shin, J., Kim, D., Beom, J., Yi, Y. Y., Gupta, D. P., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26694282
Shin, H. J., Kim, I. S., Choi, S. G., Lee, K., Park, H., Shin, J., Kim, D., Beom, J., Yi, Y. Y., Gupta, D. P., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26694288
Daily, K. P., Badr, A., Eltobgy, M. M., Estfanous, S. Z. K., Whitham, O. D., Tan, M. H., Carafice, C., Krause, K., McNamara, A. J., Hamilton, K., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26678507
Tok, S., Maurin, H., Delay, C., Crauwels, D., Manyakov, N. V., der Elst, W. V., Moechars, D., & Drinkenburg, W. H. I. M. (2022) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.20147031
Store-operated calcium entry drives alcohol-exacerbated neuroinflammation in retinal degeneration
de Lima-Vasconcellos, T. H., Menezes, B. D. A., Móvio, M. I., dos Santos, G. B., Badin, G. M., Silva, W., & Kihara, A. H. (2026) · Cell Death Discovery · doi:10.1038/s41420-026-03074-2
In vitro and in vivo study of the effects of Levetiracetam on activated microglia during sepsis
Fleurance, R. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/0a82ed6ez6595z4366z832fz70cbe839c7ff
Hristovska, I. (2019) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/af1c5105z3e0dz43ffzb906z1553e7a23a6e
Chataigner, M. (2021) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/a4317690zc4c8z4ba6za738zd457c6bb9b74
The Role of Inflammation in the Brain: A Gut-Driven Phenomenon
Mahbub, N. U., Islam, M. M., & Hong, S. T. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-7494-0_9
Role of macrophages in immunometabolism and neurodegeneration
Mishra, P., Khan, A., Doshi, Z., Tungare, K., & Nand, S. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-44253-7.00018-7
Metadata
- Authors
- Li, J.-W., Zong, Y., Cao, X.-P., Tan, L., & Tan, L.
- Affiliations
- Qingdao University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Tan, Lin
- Tan, Lan
- Venue
- Annals of Translational Medicine
- Publisher
- AME Publishing Company
- Published
- 2018-05
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 176-176
- ISSN
- 2305-5839 (ISSN-L)
- 2305-5847
- PMC
- PMC5994530
- OpenAlex
- W2800869030
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 133
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Annals of Translational Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Qingdao Key Health Discipline Development Fund
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, microglial priming, microglia, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta, tau pathology, neurotrophic factors, neurodegeneration
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
