Cited by 147Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsAlzheimer's disease research and treatmentsInflammasome and immune disorders

Microglial priming of antigen presentation and adaptive stimulation in Alzheimer’s disease

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Das, Rashmi, Chinnathambi, Subashchandrabose·2019·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Abstract

The prominent pathological consequences of Alzheimer's disease (AD) are the misfolding and mis-sorting of two cellular proteins, amyloid-β and microtubule-associated protein Tau. The accumulation of toxic phosphorylated Tau inside the neurons induces the increased processing of amyloid-β-associated signaling cascade and vice versa. Neuroinflammation-driven synaptic depletion and cognitive decline are substantiated by the cross talk of activated microglia and astroglia, leading to neuron degeneration. Microglia are the brain-resident immune effectors that prove their diverse functions in maintaining CNS homeostasis via collaboration with astrocytes and T lymphocytes. Age-related senescence and chronic inflammation activate microglia with increased pro-inflammatory markers, oxidative damage and phagocytosis. But the improper processing of misfolded protein via lysosomal pathway destines the spreading of 'seed' constituents to the nearby healthy neurons. Primed microglia process and present self-antigen such as amyloid-β and modified Tau to the infiltrated T lymphocytes through MHC I/II molecules. After an effective conversation with CD4 + T cells, microglial phenotype can be altered from pro-active M1 to neuro-protective M2 type, which corresponds to the tissue remodeling and homeostasis. In this review, we are focusing on the change in functionality of microglia from innate to adaptive immune response in the context of neuroprotection, which may help in the search of novel imm…

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Crossref · 10.1007/s00018-019-03132-2

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149 of 149 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • At least some plaque-associated microglia may borrow elements of lymphoid signaling logic rather than merely presenting antigen to lymphocytes.

    “The recent finding therefore suggests that at least some plaque-associated microglia may borrow elements of lymphoid signaling logic rather than merely presenting antigen to lymphocytes [44,45,46].”
  • Microglia may act as local regulators of lymphocyte activation, particularly when blood-brain barrier dysfunction or chronic neuroinflammation allows greater immune-cell trafficking into the CNS.

    “Reviews of microglia–lymphocyte communication have emphasized that microglia may act as local regulators of lymphocyte activation, particularly when blood–brain barrier dysfunction or chronic neuroinflammation allows greater immune-cell trafficking into the CNS.”
  • In inflammatory and neurodegenerative settings, microglia can upregulate antigen-presentation machinery, respond to interferon-γ and other lymphocyte-derived cytokines, and influence T-cell behavior within or near the central nervous system.

    “In inflammatory and neurodegenerative settings, microglia can upregulate antigen-presentation machinery, respond to interferon-γ and other lymphocyte-derived cytokines, and influence T-cell behavior within or near the central nervous system.”
  • Microglia can express molecules associated with antigen presentation, including MHC class II-related genes and co-stimulatory ligands such as CD80 or CD86, especially under inflammatory conditions.

    “They can express molecules associated with antigen presentation, including MHC class II–related genes and co-stimulatory ligands such as CD80 or CD86, especially under inflammatory conditions.”

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Authors
Das, R., & Chinnathambi, S.
Affiliations
National Chemical Laboratory (IN)
Corresponding author
Chinnathambi, Subashchandrabose
Venue
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences
Published
2019-05-15
Volume
76
Issue
19
Pages
3681-3694
ISSN
  • 1420-682X (ISSN-L)
  • 1420-9071
OpenAlex
W2945276138
Cited by
147
References
149
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1
FWCI
1.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Department of Biotechnology , Ministry of Science and Technology (DBT-HDDB)- BT/PR/15780/MED/122/4/2016)
  • Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR NCL MLP 029526)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
Keywords
Alzheimer's disease, microglia, antigen presentation, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta, tau protein, CD4+ T cells, M1/M2 microglial polarization, neuroprotection, astroglia, lysosomal processing, immunotherapy
MeSH terms
Alzheimer Disease, Brain, Humans, Immunotherapy, T-Lymphocytes, Neuroimmunomodulation, Protein Folding, Microglia, Antigen Presentation, Adaptive Immunity

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