Artificial intelligence and computer-aided diagnosis for colonoscopy: where do we stand now?
Open accessAbstract
Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for colonoscopy with use of artificial intelligence (AI) is catching increased attention of endoscopists. CAD allows automated detection and pathological prediction, namely optical biopsy, of colorectal polyps during real-time endoscopy, which help endoscopists avoid missing and/or misdiagnosing colorectal lesions. With the increased number of publications in this field and emergence of the AI medical device that have already secured regulatory approval, CAD in colonoscopy is now being implemented into clinical practice. On the other side, drawbacks and weak points of CAD in colonoscopy have not been thoroughly discussed. In this review, we provide an overview of CAD for optical biopsy of colorectal lesions with a particular focus on its clinical applications and limitations.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Previous studies on CADx systems for colonoscopy focused on assessing the performances of AI against the accuracy of physicians or against criteria established by gastroenterology societies for implementing the technology in a clinical setting.
“Previous studies on cadx systems for colonoscopy focused on assessing the performances of ai against the accuracy of physicians19,20,27–30, or against the criteria established by gastroenterology societies for implementing the technology in a clinical setting31–34.”
From Experimental evidence of effective human–AI collaboration in medical decision-making (2022) · cites this paper as [30]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 1 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Global cancer statistics, 2012
Torre, L. A., Bray, F., Siegel, R. L., Ferlay, J., Lortet‐Tieulent, J., & Jemal, A. (2015) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/caac.21262 · Cited by 26,858 · see citing works
Global Cancer Statistics, 2002
Parkin, D. M., Bray, F., Ferlay, J., & Pisani, P. (2005) · CA A Cancer Journal for Clinicians · doi:10.3322/canjclin.55.2.74 · Cited by 18,573 · see citing works
(2012) · Cited by 9,062 · see citing works
Prevention of Colorectal Cancer by Colonoscopic Polypectomy
Winawer, S. J., Zauber, A. G., Ho, M. N., O’Brien, M. J., Gottlieb, L. S., Sternberg, S. S., Waye, J. D., Schapiro, M., Bond, J. H., Panish, J. F., et al. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199312303292701 · Cited by 4,585 · see citing works
Quality Indicators for Colonoscopy and the Risk of Interval Cancer
Kaminski, M. F., Reguła, J., Kraszewska, E., Polkowski, M., Wojciechowska, U. E., Didkowska, J. A., Zwierko, M., Rupiński, M., Nowacki, M. P., & Butruk, E. (2010) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0907667 · Cited by 2,012 · see citing works
Polyp Miss Rate Determined by Tandem Colonoscopy: A Systematic Review
van Rijn, J. C., Reitsma, J. B., Stoker, J., Bossuyt, P. M., van Deventer, S. J. H., & Dekker, E. (2006) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00390.x · Cited by 1,343 · see citing works
Deep Learning: A Primer for Radiologists
Chartrand, G., Cheng, P. M., Vorontsov, E., Drozdzal, M., Turcotte, S., Pal, C. J., Kadoury, S., & Tang, A. (2017) · RadioGraphics · doi:10.1148/rg.2017170077 · Cited by 1,115 · see citing works
Ferlitsch, M., Moss, A., Hassan, C., Bhandari, P., Dumonceau, J., Paspatis, G. A., Jover, R., Langner, C., Bronzwaer, M. E. S., Nalankilli, K., et al. (2017) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/s-0043-102569 · Cited by 1,107 · see citing works
Update on the Paris Classification of Superficial Neoplastic Lesions in the Digestive Tract
Endoscopic Classification Review Group (2005) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/s-2005-861352 · Cited by 971 · see citing works
Byrne, M. F., Chapados, N., Soudan, F., Oertel, C., Linares Pérez, M., Kelly, R., Iqbal, N., Chandelier, F., & Rex, D. K. (2019) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314547 · Cited by 635 · see citing works
Mori, Y., Kudo, S.-E., Misawa, M., Saito, Y., Ikematsu, H., Hotta, K., Ohtsuka, K., Urushibara, F., Kataoka, S., Ogawa, Y., et al. (2018) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m18-0249 · Cited by 509 · see citing works
Self-citationAccurate Classification of Diminutive Colorectal Polyps Using Computer-Aided Analysis
Chen, P., Lin, M.-C., Lai, M.-J., Lin, J.-C., Lu, H. H., & Tseng, V. S. M. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.010 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Postcolonoscopy colorectal cancers are preventable: a population-based study
le Clercq, C. M. C., Bouwens, M. W. E., Rondagh, E. J. A., Bakker, C. M., Keulen, E. T. P., de Ridder, R. J. J., Winkens, B., Masclee, A., & Sanduleanu, S. (2013) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2013-304880 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Ignjatovic, A., East, J. E., Suzuki, N., Vance, M., Guenther, T., & Saunders, B. P. (2009) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70329-8 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
A Resect and Discard Strategy Would Improve Cost-Effectiveness of Colorectal Cancer Screening
Hassan, C., Pickhardt, P. J., & Rex, D. K. (2010) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.05.018 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Kominami, Y., Yoshida, S., Tanaka, S., Sanomura, Y., Hirakawa, T., Raytchev, B., Tamaki, T., Koide, T., Kaneda, K., & Chayama, K. (2015) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2015.08.004 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Hazewinkel, Y., López‐Cerón, M., East, J. E., Rastogi, A. N., Pellisé, M., Nakajima, T., van Eeden, S., Tytgat, K. M. A. J., Fockens, P., & Dekker, E. (2013) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2012.12.018 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Komeda, Y., Handa, H., Watanabe, T., Nomura, T., Kitahashi, M., Sakurai, T., Okamoto, A., Minami, T., Kono, M., Arizumi, T., et al. (2017) · Oncology · doi:10.1159/000481227 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Misawa, M., Kudo, S., Mori, Y., Nakamura, H., Kataoka, S., Maeda, Y., Kudo, T., Hayashi, T., Wakamura, K., Miyachi, H., et al. (2016) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.04.004 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationComputer-aided diagnosis for colonoscopy
Mori, Y., Kudo, S., Berzin, T. M., Misawa, M., & Takeda, K. (2017) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/s-0043-109430 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationMorris, E. J. A., Rutter, M. D., Finan, P. J., Thomas, J. D., & Valori, R. (2014) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308362 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Novel computer-aided diagnostic system for colorectal lesions by using endocytoscopy (with videos)
Mori, Y., Kudo, S., Wakamura, K., Misawa, M., Ogawa, Y., Kutsukawa, M., Kudo, T., Hayashi, T., Miyachi, H., Ishida, F., et al. (2014) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2014.09.008 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Self-citationComputer-aided classification of colorectal polyps based on vascular patterns: a pilot study
Tischendorf, J. J. W., Gross, S., Winograd, R., Hecker, H., Auer, R., Behrens, A., Trautwein, C., Aach, T., & Stehlé, T. (2010) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/s-0029-1243861 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Accuracy of diagnosing invasive colorectal cancer using computer-aided endocytoscopy
Takeda, K., Kudo, S., Mori, Y., Misawa, M., Kudo, T., Wakamura, K., Katagiri, A., Baba, T., Hidaka, E., Ishida, F., et al. (2017) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/s-0043-105486 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationGroß, S., Trautwein, C., Behrens, A., Winograd, R., Palm, S., Lutz, H. H., Schirin-Sokhan, R., Hecker, H., Aach, T., & Tischendorf, J. J. W. (2011) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2011.08.001 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Takemura, Y., Yoshida, S., Tanaka, S., Kawase, R., Onji, K., Oka, S., Tamaki, T., Raytchev, B., Kaneda, K., Yoshihara, M., et al. (2011) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2011.08.051 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Mori, Y., Kudo, S., Chiu, P. W. Y., Singh, R., Misawa, M., Wakamura, K., Kudo, T., Hayashi, T., Katagiri, A., Miyachi, H., et al. (2016) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/s-0042-113609 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationEndoscopic Diagnostic Support System for cT1b Colorectal Cancer Using Deep Learning
Ito, N., Kawahira, H., Nakashima, H., Uesato, M., Miyauchi, H., & Matsubara, H. (2018) · Oncology · doi:10.1159/000491636 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Misawa, M., Kudo, S., Mori, Y., Takeda, K., Maeda, Y., Kataoka, S., Nakamura, H., Kudo, T., Wakamura, K., Hayashi, T., et al. (2017) · International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11548-017-1542-4 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Self-citationWill Computer-Aided Detection and Diagnosis Revolutionize Colonoscopy?
Byrne, M. F., Shahidi, N. C., & Rex, D. K. (2017) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.10.026 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Räth, T., Tontini, G. E., Vieth, M. W., Nägel, A., Neurath, M. F., & Neumann, H. (2016) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/s-0042-102251 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Sánchez-Montes, C., Sánchez, F., Bernal, J., Córdova, H., López‐Cerón, M., Cuatrecasas, M., de Miguel, C. R., García‐Rodríguez, A., Garcés-Durán, R., Pellisé, M., et al. (2018) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/a-0732-5250 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Takemura, Y., Yoshida, S., Tanaka, S., Onji, K., Oka, S., Tamaki, T., Kaneda, K., Yoshihara, M., & Chayama, K. (2010) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2010.07.037 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Aihara, H., Saito, S., Inomata, H., Ide, D., Tamai, N., Ohya, T. R., Kato, T., Amitani, S., & Tajiri, H. (2012) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0b013e32835c6d9a · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Computer Aided Diagnosis for Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy in Advanced Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Ştefănescu, D., Streba, C. T., Cârțână, E. T., Săftoiu, A., Gruionu, G., & Gruionu, L. G. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0154863 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Aihara, H., Sumiyama, K., Saito, S., Tajiri, H., & Ikegami, M. (2009) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2008.10.044 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Automatic optical diagnosis of small colorectal lesions by laser-induced autofluorescence
Kuiper, T., Alderlieste, Y. A., Tytgat, K. M. A. J., Vlug, M. S., Nabuurs, J. A., Bastiaansen, B. A. J., Löwenberg, M., Fockens, P., & Dekker, E. (2014) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/s-0034-1378112 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Renner, J., Phlipsen, H., Haller, B., Navarro-Avila, F. J., Saint-Hill-Febles, Y., Mateus, D., Ponchon, T., Poszler, A., Abdelhafez, M., Schmid, R. M., et al. (2018) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365521.2018.1501092 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Horiuchi, H., Tamai, N., Kamba, S., Inomata, H., Ohya, T. R., & Sumiyama, K. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1080/00365521.2019.1627407 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Aihara, H., Saito, S., Tajiri, H., & Ikegami, M. (2009) · Gastrointestinal Endoscopy · doi:10.1016/j.gie.2009.03.736 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Klare, P., Renner, J., Haller, B., Saint-Hill-Febles, Y., Mateus, D., Ponchon, T., Schlag, C., Poszler, A., Schmid, R. M., von Delius, S., et al. (2018) · Endoscopy · doi:10.1055/s-0038-1637113 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 43 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- McCarthy J, Minsky ML, Rochester N, et al. A proposal for the dartmouth summer research project on artificial intelligence, August 31, 1955. AI Mag 2006;27:12-4.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Experimental evidence of effective human–AI collaboration in medical decision-making
Reverberi, C., Rigon, T., Solari, A., Hassan, C., Cherubini, P., GI Genius CADx Study Group, Antonelli, G., Awadie, H., Bernhofer, S., Carballal, S., et al. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18751-2 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Azam, M. A., Sampieri, C., Ioppi, A., Benzi, P., Giordano, G., Vecchi, M. D., Campagnari, V., Li, S., Guastini, L., Paderno, A., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.900451 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Image enhanced colonoscopy: updates and prospects—a review
Shahsavari, D., Waqar, M., & Chandrasekar, V. T. (2023) · Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.21037/tgh-23-17 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Raju, A. S. N., Venkatesh, K., Gatla, R. K., Konakalla, E. P., Marwa Mahmoud, E. I. D., Titova, N. V., Ghoneim, S. S. M., & Ghaly, R. N. R. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-86590-y · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A hybrid framework for colorectal cancer detection and U-Net segmentation using polynetDWTCADx
Raju, A. S. N., Venkatesh, K., Babu, M. R., Gatla, R. K., Marwa Mahmoud, E. I. D., Ali, E., Titova, N. V., & Sharaf, A. B. A. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-85156-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Kitaya, K., Yasuo, T., & Yamaguchi, T. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60060972 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Norwood, D. A., Thakkar, S. J., Cartee, A. K., Sarkis, F. S., Torres-Herman, T., Montalvan-Sanchez, E. E., Russ, K. B., Ajayi-Fox, P., Hameed, A., Mulki, R., et al. (2024) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-024-08610-7 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Shinozaki, S., Watanabe, J., Kanno, T., Yuan, Y., Yano, T., & Yamamoto, H. (2025) · Digestive Endoscopy · doi:10.1111/den.15047 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Raju, A. S. N., Venkatesh, K., Babu, M. R., Gatla, R. K., Hussain, S. J., Gorripati, S. M. C., Bhavani, T., Kareemullah, M., Algburi, S. S., Majdi, A., et al. (2025) · BMC Medical Imaging · doi:10.1186/s12880-025-01826-7 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Advancements in the colorectal cancer screening, a Euro-Asian perspective
Malibary, N. (2025) · Asian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.asjsur.2025.02.112 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lui, T. K.-L., Liu, K. S.-H., Leung, K. S. M., Wu, J. T. K., Zauber, A. G., & Leung, W. K. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/42665 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
MCT-Net: a Lightweight Multiscale Convolutional Transformer Network for Polyp Segmentation
Chakraborti, N., & Nayak, D. R. (2024) · Proceedings - International Conference on Image Processing · doi:10.1109/icip51287.2024.10647503 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Advanced mucosal imaging in colonoscopy: technical details and clinical applications
Aguila, E. J. T., Beany, A., & Singh, R. (2022) · Mini-invasive Surgery · doi:10.20517/2574-1225.2022.35 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dávila-Piñón, P., Pedrido, T., Díez‐Martín, A. I., Herrero, J., Puga, M., Rivas, L., Sánchez, E., Zarraquiños, S., Vieito, N. P., Vega, P., et al. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15040458 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Watkins, K., Ladabaum, U., Olsen, E., Hoogerbrug, J., Mannalithara, A., Weng, Y., Shaw, B. J., Bohn, R. E., & Singer, S. J. (2024) · iGIE · doi:10.1016/j.igie.2024.04.016 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Virtual colonoscopy and fibrocolonoscopy in colorectal polyp patients
Hadzhiveli, M. (2022) · Varna Medical Forum · doi:10.14748/vmf.v0i0.8510
Advances in endoscopic diagnosis and management of colorectal cancer
Li, S., Liu, X., & Sun, S. (2024) · World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology · doi:10.4251/wjgo.v16.i10.4045
A Multi-feature Extraction Decoder for Polyp Detection
Patil, S. S., & Gaikwad, C. J. (2024) · Communications in computer and information science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74701-4_22
Attieh, P., Hazzouri, A. A., Moubayed, R., Youssef, T., Karam, K., & Farhat, S. G. (2026) · Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology · doi:10.35712/aig.120803
The Role of Computational Models in the Detection of Colorectal Carcinoma and Precancerous Lesions
Zivic, J., Jakovljević, S., Živić, M., Rančić, A., Radojević, D., Maksić, M., Ilić, I., Milutinović, N., Mirković, N., Eric, S., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27177943
Ksherasagar, S., Malik, M. A., Anantha, B. P., Harsha, P. S., & Pathan, J. (2026) · Romanian Journal of Medical Practice · doi:10.37897/rjmp.2026.3.5
- Authors
- Kudo, S.-E., Mori, Y., Abdel-aal, U. M., Misawa, M., Itoh, H., Oda, M., & Mori, K.
- Affiliations
- SHOWA Medical University Northern Yokohama Hospital (JP)
- Nagoya University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Kudo, Shin-Ei
- Venue
- Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology
- Publisher
- AME Publishing Company
- Published
- 2021-10
- Volume
- 6
- Pages
- 64-64
- ISSN
- 2415-1289 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8573374
- OpenAlex
- W3025145198
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 0.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › AI in cancer detection
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Keywords
- computer-aided diagnosis, colonoscopy, artificial intelligence, optical biopsy, colorectal polyps, colorectal lesions, AI medical devices, regulatory approval, clinical implementation, AI limitations
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
