Density of Tobacco Retailers Near Schools: Effects on Tobacco Use Among Students
Open accessAbstract
Objectives. We examined the relationship between students' tobacco use and the density and proximity of tobacco retailers near their schools. Methods. We used data from the 2003–2004 California Student Tobacco Survey and California retail licensing data. Measures included students' self-reported tobacco use and geocoded state-reported locations of tobacco retailers. We used random-intercept generalized linear mixed modeling to jointly evaluate individual-level and school-level predictors. Results. Density of retailers was associated with experimental smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 1.21) but not established smoking (OR = 1.06; 95% CI = 0.94, 1.20). The effects on experimental smoking were confined to high school students (OR = 1.17; 95% CI = 1.06, 1.29) in urban areas (OR = 1.11; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.21); no effects were observed among middle school students or in rural schools. High school students were more likely to obtain cigarettes from a retailer; middle school students relied more heavily on social sources. Conclusions. Our results support the plausibility of reducing rates of students' experimental smoking, but not established smoking, by restricting their access to commercial sources of tobacco in urban areas.
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Similar findings have been observed for tobacco retailers around schools.
“Similar findings have been observed for tobacco retailers around schools.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [380]
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- Authors
- McCarthy, W. J., Mistry, R., Lu, Y., Patel, M., Zheng, H., & Dietsch, B.
- Affiliations
- Wested (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 99
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2006-2013
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC2759807
- OpenAlex
- W2032191463
- Cited by
- 169
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 5.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › School Health and Nursing Education
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- tobacco retailers, school proximity, adolescent tobacco use, experimental smoking, high school students, urban schools, tobacco access, California
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, California, Commerce, Female, Humans, Male, Schools, Smoking, Nicotiana, Prevalence, Cluster Analysis, Odds Ratio, Geographic Information Systems
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