The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Adverse childhood experiences: are they risk factors for adult homelessness?
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that adverse childhood experiences are risk factors for adult homelessness. METHODS: We interviewed a nationally representative sample of 92 US household members who had previously been homeless and a comparison group of 395 individuals with no prior homelessness. We assessed childhood adversity with a structured protocol that included a previously validated scale indicating lack of care from parents and single-item measures of physical and sexual abuse. RESULTS: Lack of care from a parent during childhood sharply increased the likelihood of subsequent homelessness (odds ratio [OR] = 13), as did physical abuse (OR = 16). Sexual abuse during childhood was associated with a nonsignificant trend toward homelessness (OR = 1.7). The risk of subsequent homelessness among individuals who experienced both lack of care and either type of abuse was dramatically increased compared with subjects reporting neither of these adversities (OR = 26). CONCLUSIONS: Adverse childhood experiences are powerful risk factors for adult homelessness. Effectively reducing child abuse and neglect may ultimately help prevent critical social problems including homelessness.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Psychopathology and early experience: A reappraisal of retrospective reports.
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Gotlib, I. H. (1993) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.113.1.82 · Cited by 1,542
Childhood sexual and physical abuse as factors in adult psychiatric illness
(1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.11.1426 · Cited by 804
Sexual assault and mental disorders in a community population.
Burnam, M. A., Stein, J. A., Golding, J. M., & Siegel, J. M. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.843 · Cited by 616
Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse (CECA): A Retrospective Interview Measure
Bifulco, A., Brown, G. W., & Harris, T. O. (1994) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01284.x · Cited by 579
The prediction of major depression in women: toward an integrated etiologic model.
(1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.8.1139 · Cited by 554
Down on Their Luck: A Study of Homeless Street People
(1993) · University of California Press eBooks · doi:10.1525/9780520913011 · Cited by 532
Down and Out in America: The Origins of Homelessness.
Lee, B. A., & Rossi, P. H. (1990) · Contemporary Sociology · doi:10.2307/2072356 · Cited by 449
Childhood adversities and adult depression: Basic patterns of association in a US national survey
Kessler, R. C., & Magee, W. J. (1993) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700025460 · Cited by 379
Lifetime and five-year prevalence of homelessness in the United States.
Link, B. G., Susser, E., Stueve, A., Phelan, J., Moore, R. E., & Struening, E. (1994) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.84.12.1907 · Cited by 362
Self-citation
Cited by
Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., & Reynolds, A. J. (2013) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.07.011 · Cited by 729
Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K., Leckenby, N., Hardcastle, K. A., Perkins, C., & Lowey, H. (2015) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdu065 · Cited by 391
Adverse childhood experiences: towards a clear conceptual meaning
Kalmakis, K. A., & Chandler, G. E. (2014) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12329 · Cited by 390
Caton, C. L. M., Dominguez, B., Schanzer, B., Hasin, D. S., Shrout, P. E., Felix, A., McQuistion, H., Opler, L. A., & Hsu, E. (2005) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2005.063321 · Cited by 345
Shinn, M., Weitzman, B. C., Stojanovic, D., Knickman, J. R., Jiménez, L., Duchon, L., James, S., & Krantz, D. H. (1998) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.88.11.1651 · Cited by 334
Metadata
- Authors
- Herman, D. B., Susser, E. S., Struening, E. L., & Link, B. L.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 1997-02
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 249-255
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- OpenAlex
- W1965212642
- Cited by
- 307
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 15.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Adverse childhood experiences: are they risk factors for adult homelessness? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2105/ajph.87.2.249
- The paper
- Herman, D. B., Susser, E. S., Struening, E. L., & Link, B. L. (1997). Adverse childhood experiences: are they risk factors for adult homelessness? American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.87.2.249
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.