Impacts of adverse childhood experiences on health, mental health, and substance use in early adulthood: A cohort study of an urban, minority sample in the U.S.
Open accessAbstract
Research has shown that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) increase the risk of poor health-related outcomes in later life. Less is known about the consequences of ACEs in early adulthood or among diverse samples. Therefore, we investigated the impacts of differential exposure to ACEs on an urban, minority sample of young adults. Health, mental health, and substance use outcomes were examined alone and in aggregate. Potential moderating effects of sex were also explored. Data were derived from the Chicago Longitudinal Study, a panel investigation of individuals who were born in 1979 or 1980. Main-effect analyses were conducted with multivariate logistic and OLS regression. Sex differences were explored with stratified analysis, followed by tests of interaction effects with the full sample. Results confirmed that there was a robust association between ACEs and poor outcomes in early adulthood. Greater levels of adversity were associated with poorer self-rated health and life satisfaction, as well as more frequent depressive symptoms, anxiety, tobacco use, alcohol use, and marijuana use. Cumulative adversity also was associated with cumulative effects across domains. For instance, compared to individuals without an ACE, individuals exposed to multiple ACEs were more likely to have three or more poor outcomes (OR range=2.75-10.15) and four or more poor outcomes (OR range=3.93-15.18). No significant differences between males and females were detected. Given that the consequences of ACEs in early adulthood may lead to later morbidity and mortality, increased investment in programs and policies that prevent ACEs and ameliorate their impacts is warranted.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Stressful early-life events are frequently associated with poor health- and mental health-related outcomes later in life.
“Evidence also suggests that stressful early-life events are frequently associated with poor health- and mental health-related outcomes later in life [20,21,22,23].”
From A Scoping Review of Climate Change, Climate-Related Disasters, and Mental Disorders among Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
The biological pathways through which climate change affects mental health may be distinct among children, potentially leading to lasting or compounded outcomes throughout the life course.
“Future research efforts should focus on expanding this evidence base for children specifically given that the biological pathways through which climate change affects mental health may be distinct among this group, potentially leading to lasting or compounded outcomes throughout the life course [20,21,22,23].”
From A Scoping Review of Climate Change, Climate-Related Disasters, and Mental Disorders among Children in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (2022) · cites this paper as [22]
Adverse childhood experiences affect drug dependence.
“The effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE; e.g. physical, psychological, or environmental threats to stable and functional development) on drug dependence (Benjet et al., 2013; Enoch, 2011; Mersky et al., 2013) and HPA axis function are also salient (Carpenter et al., 2011; Heim et al., 2002; MacMillan et al., 2009).”
From Effects of adverse childhood experiences on the association between intranasal oxytocin and social stress reactivity among individuals with cocaine dependence (2015) · cites this paper as Mersky et al., 2013
Substance dependence and ACE commonly co-occur.
“Substance dependence and ACE commonly co-occur (Mersky et al., 2013).”
From Effects of adverse childhood experiences on the association between intranasal oxytocin and social stress reactivity among individuals with cocaine dependence (2015) · cites this paper as Mersky et al., 2013
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0749-3797(98)00017-8 · Cited by 18,943 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., & Walters, E. E. (2005) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 · Cited by 12,052 · see citing works
Merikangas, K. R., He, J.-P., Burstein, M., Swanson, S. A., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Georgiades, K., & Swendsen, J. (2010) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2010.05.017 · Cited by 6,278 · see citing works
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Schafer, J. L. (1997) · doi:10.1201/9781439821862 · Cited by 6,012 · see citing works
Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data
Booth, D. E., & Schafer, J. L. (2000) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1271466 · Cited by 5,627 · see citing works
Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D., Walker, J. D., Whitfield, C., Perry, B. D., Dube, S. R., & Giles, W. H. (2006) · European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · doi:10.1007/s00406-005-0624-4 · Cited by 4,292 · cited 2× · see citing works
“, 1998), mental health problems such as mood and anxiety disorders (Anda et al., 2006; Chapman et al., 2004), as well as increased use of tobacco, alcohol, and illicit drugs (Anda et al.”
BackgroundNo health without mental health
Prince, M. J., Patel, V., Saxena, S., Maj, M., Maselko, J., Phillips, M. R., & Rahman, A. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61238-0 · Cited by 3,835 · see citing works
Kempe, C. H. (1962) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1962.03050270019004 · Cited by 3,061 · see citing works
Grant, B. F., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, S. P., Dufour, M. C., Compton, W., Pickering, R. P., & Kaplan, K. (2004) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.61.8.807 · Cited by 2,889 · see citing works
Risky families: Family social environments and the mental and physical health of offspring
Repetti, R. L., Taylor, S. E., & Seeman, T. E. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.330 · Cited by 2,884 · see citing works
Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Chapman, D. P., Giles, W. H., & Anda, R. F. (2003) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.111.3.564 · Cited by 2,333 · see citing works
Green, J. G., McLaughlin, K. A., Berglund, P. A., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2010) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.186 · Cited by 2,323 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood
Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Edwards, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2004) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2003.12.013 · Cited by 2,267 · see citing works
Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I. A., & Smith, C. (1990) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(90)90077-7 · Cited by 1,754 · see citing works
The interrelatedness of multiple forms of childhood abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction
Dong, M., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Williamson, D. F., Thompson, T. J., Loo, C. M., & Giles, W. H. (2004) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.01.008 · Cited by 1,679 · see citing works
Olds, D. L. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1997.03550080047038 · Cited by 1,372 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Smoking During Adolescence and Adulthood
Anda, R. F. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.17.1652 · Cited by 1,256 · see citing works
Danese, A., Moffitt, T. E., Harrington, H., Milne, B. J., Polanczyk, G., Pariante, C. M., Poulton, R., & Caspi, A. (2009) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.214 · Cited by 1,165 · see citing works
The prevalence of child sexual abuse in community and student samples: a meta-analysis
Pereda, N., Guilera, G., Forns, M., & Gómez-Benito, J. (2009) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.007 · Cited by 1,068 · see citing works
Gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder.
Olff, M., Langeland, W., Draijer, N., & Gersons, B. P. R. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.2.183 · Cited by 1,058 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Our results should be viewed with some caution, however, because data were not available to evaluate PTSD and other specific anxiety disorders that may be more prevalent among females than among males in the wake of adverse events (Afifi et al., 2008; Dube et al., 2005; Olff et al., 2007).”
ResultInsights Into Causal Pathways for Ischemic Heart Disease: Adverse Childhood Experiences Study
Dong, M., Giles, W. H., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Williams, J. E., Chapman, D. P., & Anda, R. F. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000143074.54995.7f · Cited by 1,027 · see citing works
The international epidemiology of child sexual abuse
David Finkelhor, B. (1994) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/0145-2134(94)90026-4 · Cited by 1,024 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adults: a longitudinal survey
Schilling, E. A., Aseltine, R. H., & Gore, S. L. (2007) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-7-30 · Cited by 930 · see citing works
Long-Term Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse by Gender of Victim
DUBE, S., ANDA, R., WHITFIELD, C., BROWN, D., FELITTI, V, DONG, M., & GILES, W. (2005) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2005.01.015 · Cited by 915 · see citing works
Brown, J. F., Cohen, P. R., Johnson, J. G., & Salzinger, S. (1998) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/s0145-2134(98)00087-8 · Cited by 834 · see citing works
Population-Based Prevention of Child Maltreatment: The U.S. Triple P System Population Trial
Prinz, R. J., Sanders, M. R., Shapiro, C. J., Whitaker, D. J., & Lutzker, J. R. (2009) · Prevention Science · doi:10.1007/s11121-009-0123-3 · Cited by 833 · see citing works
Cumulative childhood stress and autoimmune diseases in adults
Dube, S. R., Fairweather, D., Pearson, W. S., Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., & Croft, J. B. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181907888 · Cited by 820 · see citing works
To mix or not to mix data collection modes in surveys.
de Leeuw, E. D. (2005) · Journal of Official Statistics · Cited by 808 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and personal alcohol abuse as an adult
Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Edwards, V. J., & Croft, J. B. (2002) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00204-0 · Cited by 804 · see citing works
Sweet, M. A., & Appelbaum, M. I. (2004) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00750.x · Cited by 797 · see citing works
Subgroup analyses in randomized trials: risks of subgroup-specific analyses;
Brookes, S. T., Whitely, E., Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Mulheran, P. A., & Peters, T. J. (2004) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2003.08.009 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Chaffin, M., Silovsky, J. F., Funderburk, B., Valle, L. A., Brestan, E. V., Balachova, T., Jackson, S., Lensgraf, J., & Bonner, B. L. (2004) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.72.3.500 · Cited by 771 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…Therapy (PCIT) and the Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) also appear to reduce rates of maltreatment while enhancing parenting attitudes, parent–child interactions, and child mental health (Chaffin et al., 2004; Prinz, Sanders, Shapiro, Whitaker, & Lutzker, 2009; Thomas & Zimmer-Gembeck, 2007).”
BackgroundThomas, R., & Zimmer‐Gembeck, M. J. (2007) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-007-9104-9 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
The impact of adverse childhood experiences on an urban pediatric population
Burke, N. J., Hellman, J. L., Scott, B. G., Weems, C. F., & Carrion, V. G. (2011) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.02.006 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Afifi, T. O., Enns, M. W., Cox, B. J., Asmundson, G. J. G., Stein, M. B., & Sareen, J. (2008) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.120253 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in adults
Anda, R. F., Brown, D. W., Dube, S. R., Bremner, J. D., Felitti, V. J., & Giles, W. H. (2008) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.02.002 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Effectiveness of home visiting programs on child outcomes: a systematic review
Peacock, S., Konrad, S., Watson, E., Nickel, D., & Muhajarine, N. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-17 · Cited by 392 · see citing works
Olds, D. L. (1997) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.278.8.637 · Cited by 391 · see citing works
The Role of Home-Visiting Programs in Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect
Howard, K. S., & Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B. (2009) · The Future of Children · doi:10.1353/foc.0.0032 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Reynolds, A. J., Temple, J. A., Ou, S.-R., Robertson, D. L., Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J. W., & Niles, M. D. (2007) · Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.8.730 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citationAdverse childhood experiences: are they risk factors for adult homelessness?
Herman, D. B., Susser, E., Struening, E. L., & Link, B. (1997) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.87.2.249 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Andersen, J. P., & Blosnich, J. R. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0054691 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Relationship of childhood maltreatment to the onset and course of major depression in adulthood
Bernet, C. Z., & Stein, M. B. (1999) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-6394(1999)9:4 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Success in early intervention: the Chicago child-parent centers
(2001) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.38-2801 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Kessler, R. C., Avenevoli, S., McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Lakoma, M. D., Petukhova, M. V., Pine, D. S., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Merikangas, K. R. (2012) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291712000025 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Self-reported Liver Disease
Dong, M., Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Giles, W. H., & Anda, R. F. (2003) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.163.16.1949 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Walker, J. L., Carey, P. D., Mohr, N. M., Stein, D. J., & Seedat, S. (2004) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-003-0039-z · Cited by 202 · see citing works
DUGGAN, A. K., Fuddy, L. J., Burrell, L., Higman, S. M., McFarlane, E., Windham, A. M., & Sia, C. C. J. (2004) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.08.008 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
MacMillan, H. L., Thomas, B. H., Jamieson, E., Walsh, C. A., Boyle, M. H., Shannon, H. S., & Gafni, A. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)66388-x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
School–Based Early Intervention and Later Child Maltreatment in the Chicago Longitudinal Study
Reynolds, A. J., & Robertson, D. L. (2003) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/1467-8624.00518 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationVIOLENCE BREEDS VIOLENCE—PERHAPS?
Curtis, G. C. (1963) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.120.4.386 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Chapman, D. P., Liu, Y., Presley-Cantrell, L. R., Edwards, V. J., Wheaton, A. G., Perry, G. S., & Croft, J. B. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-3 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Nurius, P. S., Logan‐Greene, P., & Green, S. (2012) · Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community · doi:10.1080/10852352.2012.707443 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Home Visiting for the Prevention of Child Maltreatment: Lessons Learned During the Past 20 Years
Donelan‐McCall, N., Eckenrode, J. J., & Olds, D. L. (2009) · Pediatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.pcl.2009.01.002 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Swahn, M. H., Whitaker, D. J., Pippen, C. B., Leeb, R. T., Teplin, L. A., Abram, K. M., & McClelland, G. M. (2006) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2004.058230 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Public Health Surveillance of Fatal Child Maltreatment: Analysis of 3 State Programs
Schnitzer, P. G., Covington, T. M., Wirtz, S. J., et al. (2007) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2006.087783 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
A Review of Prenatal Home‐Visiting Effectiveness for Improving Birth Outcomes
Issel, L. M., Forrestal, S. G., Slaughter‐Acey, J., Wiencrot, A., & Handler, A. S. (2011) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2011.01219.x · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Putnam‐Hornstein, E., Webster, D., Needell, B., & Magruder, J. (2011) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.1191 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A., Sethi, D., Butchart, A., Mikton, C., Jones, L., & Dunne, M. P. (2017) · The Lancet Public Health · doi:10.1016/s2468-2667(17)30118-4 · Cited by 5,255 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences and behavioral problems in middle childhood
Hunt, T. K. A., Slack, K. S., & Berger, L. M. (2017) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.11.005 · Cited by 535 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and substance use disorder (SUD): A scoping review
Leza, L., Siria, S., López-Goñi, J. J., & Fernández-Montalvo, J. (2021) · Drug and alcohol dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108563 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Associations Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Diagnosis and Severity
Brown, N. M., Brown, S. N., Briggs, R. D., Germán, M., Belamarich, P. F., & Oyeku, S. O. (2017) · Academic Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.acap.2016.08.013 · Cited by 254 · see citing works
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental Health Conditions Among Adolescents
Bomysoad, R. N., & Francis, L. A. (2020) · Journal of Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.04.013 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Lee, H., Kim, Y., & Terry, J. (2020) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106039 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Halpern, S. C., Schuch, F. B., Scherer, J. N., Sordi, A. O., Pachado, M., Dalbosco, C., Fara, L., Pechansky, F., Kessler, F., & Von Diemen, L. (2018) · Child Abuse Review · doi:10.1002/car.2534 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Frequencies and patterns of adverse childhood events in LGBTQ+ youth
Craig, S. L., Austin, A., Levenson, J., Leung, V. W. Y., Eaton, A. D., & D’Souza, S. A. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104623 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Health inequities among Latinos/Hispanics: documentation status as a determinant of health
Cabral, J., & Cuevas, A. G. (2020) · Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities · doi:10.1007/s40615-020-00710-0 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Kenney, M. K., & Singh, G. K. (2016) · Scientifica · doi:10.1155/2016/7424239 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Childhood adversity and psychiatric disorder in young adulthood: An analysis of 107,704 Swedes
Björkenstam, E., Burström, B., Vinnerljung, B., & Kosidou, K. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.018 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Flanagan, J. C., Baker, N. L., McRae-Clark, A. L., Brady, K. T., & Moran-Santa Maria, M. M. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.064 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Zarei, K., Xu, G., Zimmerman, B., Giannotti, M., & Strathearn, L. (2021) · Children · doi:10.3390/children8090761 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Oshri, A., Gray, J. C., Owens, M. M., Liu, S., Duprey, E. B., Sweet, L. H., & MacKillop, J. (2019) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559519839491 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Screening adults with substance use disorder for adverse childhood experiences
Chandler, G. E., Kalmakis, K. A., & Murtha, T. (2018) · Journal of Addictions Nursing · doi:10.1097/jan.0000000000000233 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Sharpe, I., & Davison, C. M. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19052896 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Association of youth age at exposure to household dysfunction with outcomes in early adulthood.
Andersen, S. H. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.32769 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
A Biopsychosocial Overview of the Opioid Crisis: Considering Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Health
Wiss, D. A. (2019) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2019.00193 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Jones, M. S., Burge, S. W., Sharp, S. F., & McLeod, D. A. (2020) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104237 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
The biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the next generation
Chief Moon-Riley, K., Copeland, J. L., Metz, G. A. S., & Currie, C. L. (2019) · SSM - Population Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2018.100343 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Childhood social adversity and risk of depressive symptoms in adolescence in a US national sample
Björkenstam, E., Pebley, A. R., Burström, B., & Kosidou, K. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.035 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Calthorpe, L. M., & Pantell, M. S. (2021) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104804 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
- Authors
- Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., & Reynolds, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee (US)
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mersky, J.P.
- Venue
- Child Abuse & Neglect
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-11
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 917-925
- ISSN
- 0145-2134 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4090696
- OpenAlex
- W2078123345
- Cited by
- 729
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 31 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 129 · 2020: 78 · 2019: 67 · 2018: 52 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 6
- FWCI
- 19.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Child Abuse & Neglect (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD034294)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- adverse childhood experiences, early adulthood, self-rated health, life satisfaction, depressive symptoms, anxiety, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, cannabis use, substance use, cumulative adversity, sex differences, Chicago Longitudinal Study
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Mental Disorders, Black or African American, Chicago, Female, Health Status, Health Surveys, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Poverty Areas, Sex Factors, Urban Population, Cohort Studies, Multivariate Analysis, Confidence Intervals, Odds Ratio, Substance-Related Disorders, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
