The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to examine relationships between income and mortality, focusing on the predictive utility of single-year and multiyear measures of income, the shape of the income gradient in mortality, trends in this gradient over time, the impact of income change on mortality, and the joint effects of income and age, race, and sex on mortality risk. METHODS: Data were taken from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics for the years 1968 through 1989. Fourteen 10-year panels were constructed in which predictors were measured over the first 5 years and vital status over the subsequent 5 years. The panels were pooled and logistic regression was used in the analysis. RESULTS: Income level was a strong predictor of mortality, especially for persons under the age of 65 years. Persistent low income was particularly consequential for mortality. Income instability was also important among middle-income individuals. Single-year and multiyear income measures had comparable predictive power. All effects persisted after adjustment for education and initial health status. CONCLUSIONS: The issues of low income and income instability should be addressed in population health policy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Socioeconomic status and health: The challenge of the gradient
Adler, N. E., Boyce, T., Chesney, M. A., Cohen, S., Folkman, S., Kahn, R. L., & Syme, S. L. (1994) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.49.1.15 · Cited by 2,383
US Socioeconomic and Racial Differences in Health: Patterns and Explanations
Williams, D. R., & Collins, C. (1995) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.so.21.080195.002025 · Cited by 1,718
Self-citationPappas, G., Queen, S., Hadden, W., & Fisher, G. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199307083290207 · Cited by 1,524
Cited by
Ellsberg, M., Jansen, H. A., Heise, L., Watts, C. H., & Garcia-Moreno, C. (2008) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(08)60522-x · Cited by 1,820
Health disparities and health equity: Concepts and measurement
Braveman, P. (2006) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.27.021405.102103 · Cited by 1,570
Stress, Health, and the Life Course: Some Conceptual Perspectives
Pearlin, L. I., Schieman, S., Fazio, E. M., & Meersman, S. C. (2005) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/002214650504600206 · Cited by 1,544
Gallo, L. C., & Matthews, K. A. (2003) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.129.1.10 · Cited by 1,366
U.S. Disparities in Health: Descriptions, Causes, and Mechanisms
Adler, N. E., & Rehkopf, D. H. (2008) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090852 · Cited by 1,212
Metadata
- Authors
- McDonough, P., Duncan, G. J., Williams, D., & House, J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 1997-09
- Volume
- 87
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1476-1483
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2113504992
- Cited by
- 413
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 13.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2105/ajph.87.9.1476
- The paper
- McDonough, P., Duncan, G. J., Williams, D., & House, J. (1997). Income dynamics and adult mortality in the United States, 1972 through 1989. American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.87.9.1476
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
