The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Understanding trends in functional limitations among older Americans.
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVES: This report documents trends in functional limitations among older Americans from 1984 to 1993 and investigates reasons for such trends. METHODS: We applied logistic regression to data for noninstitutionalized Americans aged 50 years and older from the Survey of Income and Program Participation. We focused on 4 functional limitation measures unlikely to be affected by changes in role expectations and living environments: reported difficulty seeing words in a newspaper, lifting and carrying 10 pounds, climbing a flight of stairs, and walking a quarter of a mile. RESULTS: We found large declines in the crude prevalence of functional limitations, especially for those 80 years and older. Generally, changes in population composition explained only a small portion of the downward trends. Once changes in population composition and mobility-related device use were considered for difficulty walking, significant improvements in functioning remained for the 65- to 79-year-old group. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in population composition, device use, survey design, role expectations, and living environments do not appear to account completely for improvements in functioning. We infer that changes in under-lying physiological capability--whether real or perceived--likely underlie such trends.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Aging, natural death, and the compression of morbidity
Fries, J. F. (1980) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198007173030304 · Cited by 3,356
Verbrugge, L. M., & Jette, A. M. (1994) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90294-1 · Cited by 3,310
Exercise training and nutritional supplementation for physical frailty in very elderly people
Fiatarone, M. A., O'Neill, E. F., Ryan, N. D., Clements, K. M., Solares, G. R., Nelson, M. E., Roberts, S. B., Kehayias, J. J., Lipsitz, L. A., & Evans, W. J. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199406233302501 · Cited by 2,857
Guccione, A. A., Felson, D. T., Anderson, J. J., Anthony, J. M., Zhang, Y., Wilson, P. W., Kelly-Hayes, M., Wolf, P. A., Kreger, B. E., & Kannel, W. B. (1994) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.84.3.351 · Cited by 1,584
Changing Concepts of Morbidity and Mortality in the Elderly Population
Manton, K. G. (1982) · The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society · doi:10.2307/3349767 · Cited by 758
Chronic disability trends in elderly United States populations: 1982–1994
Manton, K. G., Corder, L., & Stallard, E. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.6.2593 · Cited by 680
Gruenberg, E. M. (1977) · The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society · doi:10.2307/3349592 · Cited by 626
GRUENBERG, E. M. (2005) · The Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00400.x · Cited by 612
Longer Life but Worsening Health? Trends in Health and Mortality of Middle-Aged and Older Persons
Verbrugge, L. M. (1984) · The Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly. Health and Society · doi:10.2307/3349861 · Cited by 519
Disability concepts revisited ; implications for prevention
Nagi, S. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 444
Cited by
Ageing populations: the challenges ahead
Christensen, K., Doblhammer, G., Rau, R., & Vaupel, J. W. (2009) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(09)61460-4 · Cited by 3,011
Freedman, V. A., Martin, L. G., & Schoeni, R. F. (2002) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.288.24.3137 · Cited by 867
Self-citationMortality and Morbidity Trends: Is There Compression of Morbidity?
Crimmins, E. M., & Beltran-Sanchez, H. (2011) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbq088 · Cited by 694
Retooling for an aging America: building the health care workforce
(2009) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.46-5066 · Cited by 688
Health, life expectancy, and health care spending among the elderly
Lubitz, J., Cai, L., Kramarow, E., & Lentzner, H. (2003) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa020614 · Cited by 513
Metadata
- Authors
- Freedman, V. A., & Martin, L. G.
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 1998-10
- Volume
- 88
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1457-1462
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- OpenAlex
- W1969686061
- Cited by
- 302
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 26.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Understanding trends in functional limitations among older Americans. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2105/ajph.88.10.1457
- The paper
- Freedman, V. A., & Martin, L. G. (1998). Understanding trends in functional limitations among older Americans. American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.88.10.1457
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
