Cited by 115

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

R.J. Reynolds’ Targeting of African Americans: 1988–2000

Balbach, Edith D., Gasior, Rebecca J., Barbeau, Elizabeth M.·2003·American Journal of Public Health

Abstract

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to describe RJ Reynolds (RJR) Tobacco Company’s strategy for targeting African Americans, as revealed in tobacco industry documents and magazine advertisements. Methods. The authors searched industry documents to determine RJR’s strategies and analyzed magazine advertising during 2 periods: the time of the launch of the company’s Uptown cigarette (1989–1990) and a decade later (1999–2000). Results. RJR’s efforts to target the African American market segment existed before and after Uptown, and the company’s strategy was largely implemented via other RJR brands. Advertisements featured mentholated cigarettes, fantasy/escape, expensive objects, and nightlife. Conclusions. To help all populations become tobacco-free, tobacco control practitioners must understand and counter tobacco industry strategies.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2105/ajph.93.5.822

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 31

  1. 10.1001/jama.287.22.2983 · DOI
  2. 10.1136/tc.1.suppl1.S24 · DOI
  3. Gambescia SF, Godshall WT, Sklaroff RB. Pennsylvania’s contribution to tobacco control. Philadelphia Med.1995;91:14–20.
  4. 10.1136/tc.11.4.336 · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1136/tc.9.3.334 · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.1136/tc.11.1.68 · DOI
  7. 10.1080/00913367.1996.10673509 · DOI
  8. 10.1086/209256 · DOI
  9. 10.1023/A:1018881206965 · DOI
  10. 10.1177/107769908706400238 · DOI
  11. 10.1177/107769909707400204 · DOI
  12. 10.1177/0002764295038004010 · DOI
  13. 10.1086/209024 · DOI · Paper page
  14. 10.1207/s15327027hc0302_1 · DOI
  15. 10.1177/109019818801500207 · DOI
  16. 10.1111/j.1460-2466.1987.tb01010.x · DOI
  17. King KW, Reid LN, Moon YS, Ringold D. Changes in the visual imagery of cigarette ads, 1954–1986. J Public Policy Marketing. 1991;10:63–80. · DOI
  18. 10.1177/109019818501200111 · DOI
  19. Ringold DJ, Calfee JE. The information content of cigarette advertising: 1926–1989. J Public Policy Marketing.1989;8:1–23. · DOI
  20. 10.1509/jppm.19.2.189.17135 · DOI
  21. 10.1080/00913367.1992.10673359 · DOI
  22. 10.1136/tc.1.1.25 · DOI
  23. 10.1509/jppm.19.2.183.17124 · DOI
  24. 10.1136/tc.8.1.111 · DOI
  25. 10.1136/tc.10.3.279 · DOI
  26. Tuckson RV. Race, sex, economics, and tobacco advertising. J Natl Med Assoc.1989;81:1119–1124.
  27. 10.1136/tc.9.1.64 · DOI
  28. 10.1056/NEJM198703193161206 · DOI
  29. 10.1001/jama.284.6.723 · DOI
  30. 10.1001/jama.279.10.772 · DOI
  31. 10.2105/AJPH.91.4.554 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 115

Metadata

Authors
Balbach, E. D., Gasior, R. J., & Barbeau, E. M.
Affiliations
Edith D. Balbach is with the Community Health Program, Tufts University, Medford, Mass.
Venue
American Journal of Public Health
Published
2003-05
Volume
93
Issue
5
Pages
822-827
ISSN
  • 0090-0036
  • 1541-0048
Cited by
115
References
2
Language
en

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: R.J. Reynolds’ Targeting of African Americans: 1988–2000. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2105/ajph.93.5.822
The paper
Balbach, E. D., Gasior, R. J., & Barbeau, E. M. (2003). R.J. Reynolds’ Targeting of African Americans: 1988–2000. American Journal of Public Health. https://doi.org/10.2105/ajph.93.5.822