Environmental Justice, Cumulative Environmental Risk, and Health Among Low- and Middle-Income Children in Upstate New York
Abstract
Objectives. We documented inequitable, cumulative environmental risk exposure and health between predominantly White low-income and middle-income children residing in rural areas in upstate New York. Methods. Cross-sectional data for 216 third- through fifth-grade children included overnight urinary neuroendocrine levels, noise levels, residential crowding (people/room), and housing quality. Results. After control for income, maternal education, family structure, age, and gender, cumulative environmental risk exposure (0–3) (risk >1 SD above the mean for each singular risk factor [0, 1]) was substantially greater for low-income children. Cumulative environmental risk was positively correlated with elevated overnight epinephrine, norepinephrine, and cortisol in the low-income sample but not in the middle-income sample. Conclusions. Cumulative environmental risk exposure among low-income families may contribute to bad health, beginning in early childhood.
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Current evidence suggests that lower SES may synergize with other stressors, potentiating the negative impact of stressors on accumulation of allostatic load.
“Current evidence, for example, suggests that lower SES may synergize with other stressors, potentiating the negative impact of “stressors” on accumulation of AL. 67,83,192,193”
From Socio‐economic differentials in peripheral biology: Cumulative allostatic load (2010) · cites this paper as [67]
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- Authors
- Evans, G. W., & Marcynyszyn, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2004-11
- Volume
- 94
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1942-1944
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- OpenAlex
- W2163092266
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 15.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (F31MH068089, 1F31 MH 68089-01A1)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (F33HD008473, 1 F33 HD 08473-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Environmental Justice and Health Disparities
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Keywords
- environmental justice, low-income children, epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, residential noise, household crowding, housing quality, rural children, upstate New York
- MeSH terms
- Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Crowding, Environmental Exposure, Health Status, Humans, Interviews as Topic, New York, Noise, Population Density, Poverty, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Social Class, Social Environment, Social Justice, Least-Squares Analysis, Urinalysis
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