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Cited by 1,232Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentChild Abuse and TraumaFood Security and Health in Diverse Populations

The Environment of Poverty: Multiple Stressor Exposure, Psychophysiological Stress, and Socioemotional Adjustment

Evans, Gary W, English, Kimberly·2002·Child Development
DOI 10.1111/1467-8624.00469
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Abstract

The one in five children growing up in poverty in America have elevated risk for socioemotional difficulties. One contributing factor to their elevated risk may be exposure to multiple physical and psychosocial stressors. This study demonstrated that 8– to 10–year–old, low–income, rural children (N= 287) confront a wider array of multiple physical (substandard housing, noise, crowding) and psychosocial (family turmoil, early childhood separation, community violence) stressors than do their middle–income counterparts. Prior research on self–reported distress among inner–city minority children is replicated and extended among low–income, rural White children with evidence of higher levels of self– and parent–reported psychological distress, greater difficulties in self–regulatory behavior (delayed gratification), and elevated psychophysiological stress (resting blood pressure, overnight neuroendocrine hormones). Preliminary mediational analyses with cross–sectional data suggest that cumulative stressor exposure may partially account for the well–documented, elevated risk of socioemotional difficulties accompanying poverty.

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Crossref · 10.1111/1467-8624.00469

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  • Current evidence suggests that lower SES may synergize with other stressors, potentiating the negative impact of stressors on accumulation of allostatic load.

    “Current evidence, for example, suggests that lower SES may synergize with other stressors, potentiating the negative impact of “stressors” on accumulation of AL. 67,83,192,193”

    From Socio‐economic differentials in peripheral biology: Cumulative allostatic load (2010) · cites this paper as [83]

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Authors
Evans, G. W., & English, K.
Affiliations
Cornell University (US)
ORCID
Evans, Gary W
Venue
Child Development
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2002-07-01
Volume
73
Issue
4
Pages
1238-1248
ISSN
  • 0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
  • 1467-8624
DOI
10.1111/1467-8624.00469
OpenAlex
W2037548735
Cited by
1,232
References
71
Citations by year
2026: 22 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 86 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 112 · 2016: 70 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 74 · 2013: 70 · 2012: 68
FWCI
16.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Child Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
  • Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (F33HD008473, 1 F33 HD 08473-01)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
Keywords
poverty, cumulative stress, psychophysiological stress, social-emotional adjustment, substandard housing, community violence, self-regulation, delay of gratification, blood pressure, neuroendocrine hormones, psychological distress
MeSH terms
Affective Symptoms, Arousal, Blood Pressure, Child, Epinephrine, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Internal-External Control, Life Change Events, Male, Norepinephrine, Personality Assessment, Poverty, Psychosocial Deprivation, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Social Adjustment, Social Environment, Socialization

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