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Cited by 8Physical Activity and HealthPhysical Education and Training StudiesObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

Normative-Referenced Values for Health-Related Fitness among Czech Youth: Physical Fitness Data from the Study IPEN Adolescent Czech Republic

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Rubín, Lukáš, Mitáš, Josef, Vorlíček, Michal, Dygrýn, Jan, Suchomel, Aleš, Lang, Justin J., Tomkinson, Grant R.·2023·Central European Journal of Public Health
DOI 10.21101/cejph.a7645
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Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to developed sex- and age-specific normative-referenced percentile values for health-related fitness among 12 to 18 years old Czech youth. METHODS: This study included cross-sectional data from 1,173 participants (50.7% boys) collected between 2013 and 2016. Participants were recruited from 32 elementary or secondary schools across eight cities located in the Czech Republic. Health-related fitness was objectively measured using both anthropometric (height, body mass, and sum of skinfolds) and performance (20-m shuttle run for cardiorespiratory endurance, modified push-ups for muscular strength/endurance, and V sit-and-reach for flexibility) tests. Sex- and age-specific normative values were calculated using the Lambda Mu Sigma method. Sex- and age-related differences in means were expressed as standardized effect sizes. RESULTS: Normative percentiles were tabulated and displayed as smoothed curves. Among boys, measures of health-related fitness generally increased with age, except for an age-related decline in the sum of skinfolds and a plateau in V sit-and-reach. Among girls, most measures of health-related fitness increased from age 12 to 16 years before stabilizing, except for the sum of skinfolds, which remained stable from age 12 to 18 years. The sex-related differences were large with boys having higher cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular strength/endurance than girls. Girls compared to boys had higher flexibility. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents the most up-to-date sex- and age-specific normative-referenced percentile values for health-related fitness among Czech youth. Normative values may be useful for fitness and public health screening and surveillance, for example, by helping to identify youth with low fitness who might benefit from a fitness-enhancing intervention.

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Crossref · 10.21101/cejph.a7645

Cites

47 of 47 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Without proprioceptive neurons, the human body would not be able to properly perform movements due to the lack of transmission of information about stimuli from inside the body and from the surrounding world to the muscles as effectors.

    “Without proprioceptive neurons, the human body would not be able to properly perform movements due to the lack of transmission of information about stimuli from inside the body and from the surrounding world to the muscles as effectors [34,35,36].”

    From Postural Differences in Speaking Versus Non-Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2025) · cites this paper as [29]

    The Introduction (page not provided) discusses fitness surveillance, and the V Sit-and-Reach and Modified Push-ups sections describe fitness tests. Searches for proprioceptive neurons and for sensory information in movement found no passage addressing the claimed role of those neurons. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Somatosensory and proprioceptive neurons of the body are located in the dorsal root spinal ganglia.

    “We found that it could be an interesting subject because somatosensory and proprioceptions neurons of the body are located in the dorsal root spinal ganglia [31,32,33,34].”

    From Postural Differences in Speaking Versus Non-Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2025) · cites this paper as [29]

    The V Sit-and-Reach and Sum of Skinfolds sections describe physical-fitness measurements, not neuron anatomy. Searches for dorsal root ganglia, somatosensory neurons, and proprioception found no passage addressing where those neurons are located. The cited paper therefore does not verify this claim in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.77)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • The toe-walking pattern helps reduce the contact area of the foot with the ground, and reluctance or quick abandonment of the flexion position indicates an escape from an uncomfortable, not fully controlled situation.

    “The toe-walking pattern helps reduce the contact area of the foot with the ground [3,4], and reluctance or quick abandonment of the flexion position indicates an escape from an uncomfortable, not fully controlled situation [28,29].”

    From Postural Differences in Speaking Versus Non-Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (2025) · cites this paper as [29]

    The V Sit-and-Reach and Modified Push-ups sections describe fitness-test procedures, not toe-walking, foot–ground contact area, or avoidance of a flexed position. Searches for both parts of the claim found no passage in our copy addressing them; page numbers were not provided. (LLM, conf=0.76)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cites

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Roubal E, Roubal J. [Physical maturity of secondary school students as measured in 1923]. Anthropologie. 1925;3(1):45-58. Czech.

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Authors
Rubín, L., Mitáš, J., Vorlíček, M., Dygrýn, J., Suchomel, A., Lang, J. J., & Tomkinson, G. R.
Affiliations
  • Technical University of Liberec (CZ)
  • Palacký University Olomouc (CZ)
  • University of Ottawa (CA)
  • University of South Australia (AU)
Corresponding author
Rubín, Lukáš
ORCID
Venue
Central European Journal of Public Health
Publisher
National Institute of Public Health, Prague
Published
2023-12-30
Volume
31
Issue
4
Pages
279-286
ISSN
  • 1210-7778 (ISSN-L)
  • 1803-1048
DOI
10.21101/cejph.a7645
OpenAlex
W4392840953
Cited by
7
References
47
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 1
FWCI
1.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Central European Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Grantová Agentura České Republiky (GA14-26896S)
  • National Institutes of Health (HL111378)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL111378)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Physical Education and Training Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
health-related physical fitness, adolescents, sex differences, age differences, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength and endurance, flexibility, skinfold thickness, 20-m shuttle run test, sit-and-reach test, push-ups, Czech adolescents
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise Test, Female, Humans, Male, Physical Fitness, Exercise, Body Mass Index, Czech Republic

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