Is muscular fitness associated with future health benefits in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

García-Hermoso, Antonio; Ramírez-Campillo, Rodrigo; Izquierdo, Mikel

doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01098-6

Cited by 512Physical Activity and HealthObesity, Physical Activity, DietChildren's Physical and Motor Development

Is muscular fitness associated with future health benefits in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

García-Hermoso, Antonio, Ramírez-Campillo, Rodrigo, Izquierdo, Mikel·2019·Sports Medicine

DOI 10.1007/s40279-019-01098-6

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Abstract

Background No previous systematic review has quantitatively examined the association between muscular fitness during childhood and adolescence and health parameters later in life.Objective The aim was to systematically review and meta-analyze the current evidence for a prospective association between muscular fitness in childhood and adolescence and future health status.Methods Two authors systematically searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and SPORTDiscus electronic databases and conducted manual searching of reference lists of selected articles. Relevant articles were identified by the following criteria: apparently healthy children and adolescents aged 3-18 years with muscular fitness assessed at baseline (e.g., handgrip, standing long jump, sit-ups, among others), and a follow-up period of ≥ 1 year. The outcome measures were anthropometric and adiposity measurements and cardiometabolic, bone and musculoskeletal health parameters. Two authors independently extracted data.Results Thirty studies were included in the meta-analysis, yielding a total of 21,686 participants. The meta-analysis found a significant, moderate-large (p < 0.05) effect size between muscular fitness at baseline and body mass index (r = - 0.14; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.21 to - 0.07), skinfold thickness (r = - 0.32; 95% CI - 0.40 to - 0.23), homeostasis model assessment estimated insulin resistance (r = - 0.10; 95% CI - 0.16 to - 0.05), triglycerides (r = - 0.22; 95% CI - 0.30 to - 0.13), cardiovascular disease risk score (r = - 0.29; 95% CI - 0.39 to - 0.18), and bone mineral density (r = 0.166; 95% CI 0.086 to 0.243) at follow-up.Conclusion A prospective negative association was observed between muscular fitness in childhood/adolescence and adiposity and cardiometabolic parameters in later life, together with a positive association for bone health. There is inconclusive evidence for low back pain benefits.

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Children and adolescents with better muscular fitness (eg, gained through exercises involving hand grip, standing, long jump and sit-ups) were shown to have better health outcomes (ie, lower levels of BMI and body fat, improvement in insulin resistance and lower levels of cardiovascular disease risk) in later life.
“Children and adolescents with better muscular fitness (eg, gained through exercises involving hand grip, standing, long jump and sit-ups) were shown to have better health outcomes (ie, lower levels of BMI and body fat, improvement in insulin resistance and lower levels of cardiovascular disease risk) in later life.68”
From Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020) (2020) · cites this paper as [68]

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Metabolic effects of resistance or high-intensity interval training among glycemic control-nonresponsive children with insulin resistance
Álvarez, C., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Martínez‐Salazar, C., Castro‐Sepúlveda, M., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., & Izquierdo, M. (2017) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2017.177 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Health-related physical fitness and weight status in 13- to 15-year-old Latino adolescents. A pooled analysis
García‐Hermoso, A., Correa‐Bautista, J. E., Olloquequi, J., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2019) · LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Predicting Maintenance or Achievement of Healthy Weight in Children: The Impact of Changes in Physical Fitness
Hruby, A., Chomitz, V. R., Arsenault, L. N., Must, A., Economos, C. D., McGowan, R. J., & Sacheck, J. M. (2012) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2012.13 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Independent and combined effects of handgrip strength and adherence to a Mediterranean diet on blood pressure in Chilean children
García‐Hermoso, A., Vegas-Heredia, E. D., Fernández‐Vergara, O., Ceballos-Ceballos, R., Andrade-Schnettler, R., Arellano‐Ruiz, P., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2018) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2018.08.019 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Two-year longitudinal health-related fitness, anthropometry and body composition status amongst adolescents in Tlokwe Municipality: The PAHL Study
Toriola, O. O., Monyeki, M. A., & Toriola, A. L. (2015) · African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine · doi:10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.896 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Association of Adolescent Fatness and Fitness With Risk Factors for Adult Metabolic Syndrome: A 22-Year Follow-up Study
Jekal, Y., Kim, Y., Yun, J. E., Kim, E. S., Naruse, M., Park, J. H., Lee, D. H., Hong, S.-Y., Jee, S. H., & Jeon, J. Y. (2014) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2012-0068 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Muscle strength in adolescent men and future musculoskeletal pain: a cohort study with 17 years of follow-up
Timpka, S., Petersson, I. F., Zhou, C., & Englund, M. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-002656 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Flagged first, then by citations

Sorted by citations

Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic—A Scoping Review
Rossi, L., Behme, N., & Breuer, C. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182111440 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
“A further reduction of physical activity during the pandemic could have harmful effects as PA during youth is an essential determinant for future PA [7], is an antecedent for mental health [8], and helps avoid future health challenges such as obesity and cardiovascular diseases [9].”
Background
Resistance Training for Children and Adolescents
Stricker, P. R., Faigenbaum, A. D., McCambridge, T. M., LaBella, C. R., Brooks, M. A., Canty, G. S., Diamond, A. B., Hennrikus, W. L., Logan, K., Moffatt, K. A., et al. (2020) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-1011 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Association of Cardiorespiratory Fitness Levels During Youth With Health Risk Later in Life
García‐Hermoso, A., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., García‐Alonso, Y., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., & Izquierdo, M. (2020) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.2400 · Cited by 239 · see citing works
Physical activity and health in Chinese children and adolescents: expert consensus statement (2020)
Chen, P., Wang, D., Shen, H., Yu, L., Gao, Q., Mao, L., Jiang, F., Luo, Y., Xie, M., Zhang, Y., et al. (2020) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2020-102261 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
An Update on Secular Trends in Physical Fitness of Children and Adolescents from 1972 to 2015: A Systematic Review
Fühner, T., Kliegl, R. M., Arntz, F., Kriemler, S., & Granacher, U. (2020) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01373-x · Cited by 213 · see citing works
The effects of plyometric jump training on physical fitness attributes in basketball players: A meta-analysis
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., García‐Hermoso, A., Moran, J., Chaabène, H., Negra, Y., & Scanlan, A. T. (2020) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.12.005 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Association of Physical Education With Improvement of Health-Related Physical Fitness Outcomes and Fundamental Motor Skills Among Youths
García‐Hermoso, A., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Pérez-Sousa, M. Á., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2020) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.0223 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
European fitness landscape for children and adolescents: updated reference values, fitness maps and country rankings based on nearly 8 million test results from 34 countries gathered by the FitBack network
Ortega, F. B., Leskošek, B., Blagus, R., Gil-Cosano, J. J., Mäestu, J., Tomkinson, G. R., Ruiz, J. R., Mäestu, E., Starc, G., Milanović, I., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2022-106176 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Jump and Sprint Performance in Young Male Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Castillo, D., González, J. R., Moran, J., de Villarreal, E. S., & Lloyd, R. S. (2020) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01337-1 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
“For analysis and interpretation of results, meta-analyses were conducted if at least three studies provided baseline and follow-up data for the same parameter [44, 54, 55].”
Method
Tracking of physical fitness levels from childhood and adolescence to adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis
García‐Hermoso, A., Izquierdo, M., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2022) · Translational Pediatrics · doi:10.21037/tp-21-507 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Temporal Trends in the Standing Broad Jump Performance of 10,940,801 Children and Adolescents Between 1960 and 2017
Tomkinson, G. R., Kaster, T., Dooley, F. L., Fitzgerald, J. S., Annandale, M., Ferrar, K., Lang, J. J., & Smith, J. J. (2020) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01394-6 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
“Our trends may be meaningful to public health given the significant cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between SBJ and health [2, 3].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Relationship between both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness and health-related quality of life in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Bermejo‐Cantarero, A., Álvarez‐Bueno, C., Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V., Redondo‐Tébar, A., Pozuelo‐Carrascosa, D. P., & Sánchez‐López, M. (2021) · Health and Quality of Life Outcomes · doi:10.1186/s12955-021-01766-0 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
“The available studies reported that good levels of physical fitness have a positive effect on physical, mental and social health in childhood and adolescence [7, 9, 46, 47].”
Background
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Its Association with Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Spanish University Students
Cobo‐Cuenca, A. I., Garrido‐Miguel, M., Soriano‐Cano, A., Ferri‐Morales, A., Martínez‐Vizcaíno, V., & Espinosa, N. M. M. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11112830 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Assessments Related to the Physical, Affective and Cognitive Domains of Physical Literacy Amongst Children Aged 7–11.9 Years: A Systematic Review
Shearer, C., Goss, H. R., Boddy, L. M., Knowles, Z. R., Durden-Myers, E. J., & Foweather, L. (2021) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-021-00324-8 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Post-exercise Stretching in Short-Term and Delayed Recovery of Strength, Range of Motion and Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Afonso, J. R., Clemente, F. M., Nakamura, F. Y., Morouço, P., Sarmento, H., Inman, R. A., & Ramírez‐Campillo, R. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.677581 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Reliability of Field-Based Fitness Tests in Adults: A Systematic Review
Cuenca‐García, M., Marín‐Jiménez, N., Pérez‐Bey, A., Sánchez‐Oliva, D., Camiletti‐Moirón, D., Álvarez‐Gallardo, I. C., Ortega, F. B., & Castro‐Piñero, J. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01635-2 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Association of phase angle with muscle strength and aerobic fitness in different populations: A systematic review
Martins, P. C., de Lima, T. R., Silva, A. M., & Silva, D. A. S. (2021) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2021.111489 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Top 10 International Priorities for Physical Fitness Research and Surveillance Among Children and Adolescents: A Twin-Panel Delphi Study
Lang, J. J., Zhang, K., Agostinis‐Sobrinho, C., Andersen, L. B., Basterfield, L., Berglind, D., Blain, D., Cadenas‐Sánchez, C., Cameron, C. A., Carson, V., et al. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01752-6 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
“Several systematic reviews have found positive improvements in the physical fitness levels (i.e., MSF and CRF) of children and adolescents associated with school-based interventions [62–65].”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects of plyometric jump training in female soccer player’s vertical jump height: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Romero‐Moraleda, B., Yanci, J., García‐Hermoso, A., & Clemente, F. M. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1745503 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
“For analysis and interpretation of results, meta-analyses were conducted if at least three studies provided effect sizes for the same parameter (Garcia-Hermoso et al., 2019; Moran, RamirezCampillo & Granacher, 2018; Skrede et al., 2019).”
Method
Plyometric-Jump Training Effects on Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance According to Maturity: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Sortwell, A., Moran, J., Afonso, J. R., Clemente, F. M., Lloyd, R. S., Oliver, J. L., Pedley, J. S., & Granacher, U. (2023) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00568-6 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“Therefore, we performed metaanalyses when ≥ 3 studies were available [2, 91].”
Method
Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Physical Fitness in Amateur and Professional Volleyball: A Meta-Analysis
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., García-de-Alcaráz, A., Chaabène, H., Moran, J., Negra, Y., & Granacher, U. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.636140 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Summary Measures Meta-analyses were conducted when at least three studies provided data for physical fitness outcomes (Moran et al., 2018a; Garcia-Hermoso et al., 2019; Skrede et al., 2019).”
Method
Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Running-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Physical Performance in Soccer Players: A Meta-Analytical Comparison
Clemente, F. M., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Afonso, J. R., & Sarmento, H. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.642703 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Effects of high-intensity interval training in men soccer player’s physical fitness: A systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized-controlled and non-controlled trials
Clemente, F. M., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Nakamura, F. Y., & Sarmento, H. (2021) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1863644 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“The analysis and interpretation of results in this SRMA were only conducted in the case of at least three study groups provided baseline and follow-up data for the same measure (García-Hermoso et al., 2019; Moran et al., 2018; Skrede et al., 2019).”
Method
Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on the Reactive Strength Index in Healthy Individuals Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Thapa, R. K., Afonso, J. R., Pérez‐Castilla, A., Bishop, C. J., Byrne, P. J., & Granacher, U. (2023) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-023-01825-0 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“According to the Cochrane Handbook [62], meta-analyses can be computed with as few as two studies [63]; we performed our analyses if ≥ three studies were available [9, 64, 65].”
Method
The Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) Study
López‐Gil, J. F. (2022) · Children · doi:10.3390/children9030370 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
“, physical fitness [16,17], blood pressure [6], or sleep quality [18]).”
Background
Effects of plyometric jump training on vertical jump height of volleyball players: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trial
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Andrade, D. C., Nikolaidis, P. Τ., Moran, J., Clemente, F. M., Chaabène, H., & Comfort, P. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.25932/publishup-52589 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Meta-analyses were conducted when at least three studies provided enough data for effect sizes (ES) calculation (Garcia-Hermoso et al., 2019; Moran et al., 2018a; Skrede et al., 2019).”
Method
Detrimental Effects of the Off-Season in Soccer Players: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Clemente, F. M., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., & Sarmento, H. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01407-4 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Field-Based Health-Related Physical Fitness Tests in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Marques, A., Henriques‐Neto, D., Peralta, M., Martins, J., Gomes, F., Popovic, S. R., Mašanović, B., Demetriou, Y., Schlund, A., & Ihle, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Pediatrics · doi:10.3389/fped.2021.640028 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Being a multi-component construct, examining PF as a whole, using only one or two tests is a misconception, as different associations between PF components and health indicators are observed (1, 45).”
Background
Effects of Exercise Intervention on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Blood Pressure in Preschool Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
García‐Hermoso, A., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., & Izquierdo, M. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01191-w · Cited by 72 · see citing works
A Systematic Analysis of Temporal Trends in the Handgrip Strength of 2,216,320 Children and Adolescents Between 1967 and 2017
Dooley, F. L., Kaster, T., Fitzgerald, J. S., Walch, T. J., Annandale, M., Ferrar, K., Lang, J. J., Smith, J. J., & Tomkinson, G. R. (2020) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-020-01265-0 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Combined Physical Training Strategies Improve Physical Fitness, Behavior, and Social Skills of Autistic Children
Haghighi, A. H., Broughani, S., Askari, R., Shahrabadi, H., Souza, D., & Gentil, P. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05731-8 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“This result is particularly important, since higher strength levels in children can be associated with higher motor proficiency (Haga, 2009 ; Wright et al., 2020 ), as well as predict a better metabolic health in adulthood (García-Hermoso et al., 2019 ).”
Background
Making a Strong Case for Prioritizing Muscular Fitness in Youth Physical Activity Guidelines
Faigenbaum, A. D., MacDonald, J. P., Stracciolini, A., & Rebullido, T. R. (2020) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000000784 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
“Despite outdated concerns and misperceptions associated with youth resistance training, a compelling body of evidence indicates that regular participation in a well-designed resistance training program can offer observable health and fitness value for children and adolescents (12,13,63).”
Background
Pediatric care for children with developmental coordination disorder, can we do better?
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., & Verbecque, E. (2021) · Biomedical Journal · doi:10.1016/j.bj.2021.08.008 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“[104] Garcı́a-Hermoso A, Ramı́rez-Campillo R, Izquierdo M.”
Background
How Should Adult Handgrip Strength Be Normalized? Allometry Reveals New Insights and Associated Reference Curves
Nevill, A. M., Tomkinson, G. R., LANG, J. J., WUTZ, W., & MYERS, T. D. (2021) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002771 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Effects of core training on dynamic balance stability: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Barrio, E. D., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., García-de-Alcaráz, A., & Hernández‐García, R. (2022) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2110203 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
“For the analysis and interpretation of results, meta-analyses were conducted if at least three studies provided a baseline and follow-up data for the same parameter (García-Hermoso et al., 2019).”
Method
A before-school physical activity intervention to improve cognitive parameters in children: The Active-Start study
García‐Hermoso, A., Hormazábal‐Aguayo, I., Fernández‐Vergara, O., González‐Calderón, N., Russell‐Guzmán, J., Vicencio‐Rojas, F., Chacana‐Cañas, C., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13537 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Effects of Physical Exercise on Executive Function in Adults with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Contreras-Osorio, F., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Cerda-Vega, E., Campos-Jara, R., Martínez‐Salazar, C., Reigal, R. E., Hernández-Mendo, A., Carneiro, L. S. R. D. S. F., & Campos‐Jara, C. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192215270 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Muscular strength across the life course: The tracking and trajectory patterns of muscular strength between childhood and mid-adulthood in an Australian cohort
Fraser, B. J., Blizzard, L., Buscot, M., Schmidt, M. D., Dwyer, T., Venn, A., & Magnussen, C. G. (2021) · Journal of science and medicine in sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2021.01.011 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Temporal trends in the sit-ups performance of 9,939,289 children and adolescents between 1964 and 2017
Kaster, T., Dooley, F. L., Fitzgerald, J. S., Walch, T. J., Annandale, M., Ferrar, K., Lang, J. J., Smith, J. J., & Tomkinson, G. R. (2020) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2020.1763764 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Measures of Physical Fitness and Sport-Specific Performance of Water Sports Athletes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Pérez‐Castilla, A., Thapa, R. K., Afonso, J. R., Clemente, F. M., Colado, J. C., de Villarreal, E. S., & Chaabène, H. (2022) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-022-00502-2 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Bias Although meta-analyses can be done with as few as two studies [91], because reduced sample sizes are common in the sport-science literature [92], including PJT studies [42, 65, 72, 93], meta-analysis was only conducted in the present case when ≥ 3 studies were available [76, 94].”
Background
Relationship between the skeletal muscle mass index and physical activity of Japanese children: A cross-sectional, observational study
Ito, T., Sugiura, H., Ito, Y., Noritake, K., & Ochi, N. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251025 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Measuring grip strength may help track changes in children’s health [12,13].”
Background
Association Between Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior and Physical Fitness and Glycated Hemoglobin in Youth with Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Huerta‐Uribe, N., Ramírez‐Vélez, R., Izquierdo, M., & García‐Hermoso, A. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-022-01741-9 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Studies identifying the role of muscular fitness in metabolic control in youths with T1D are also warranted since muscular fitness seems to be positively related with lower cardiometabolic risk in children and adolescents [87].”
Background
Implementation at‐scale of school‐based physical activity interventions: A systematic review utilizing the RE‐AIM framework
Kennedy, S. G., Sanders, T., Estabrooks, P. A., Smith, J. J., Lonsdale, C., Foster, C. E., & Lubans, D. R. (2021) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13184 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Muscular Fitness and Cardiometabolic Variables in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
de Lima, T. R., Martins, P. C., Moreno, Y. M. F., Chaput, J., Tremblay, M. S., Sui, X., & Silva, D. A. S. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01631-6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Further, the impact or the heterogeneity of the results according to the tests/measurements adopted to assess muscular fitness across studies, or results described according to sex, were not considered [6, 9, 88, 89].”
BackgroundInfluential
Effects of Plyometric Jump Training in Female Soccer Player’s Physical Fitness: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
García, M. S., Sánchez-Sánchez, J., Nakamura, F. Y., Clemente, F. M., Romero‐Moraleda, B., & Ramírez‐Campillo, R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17238911 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Obesity, the new childhood disability? An umbrella review on the association between adiposity and physical function
Tsiros, M. D., Tian, E. J., Shultz, S. P., Olds, T., Hills, A. P., Duff, J. S., & Kumar, S. (2020) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13121 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“14 reported in the meta-analysis.(35) Four SRs specifically highlighted that inverse relationships with adiposity were only found when youth were required to support or propel their body weight.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
The Combinations of Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Sleep, and Their Associations with Self-Reported Physical Fitness in Children and Adolescents
Chen, Z., Chi, G., Wang, L., Chen, S., Yan, J. H., & Li, S. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19105783 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
“There is a prospective association between the muscular factors, such as endurance and strength, and reduced risk of cardiometabolic parameters and adiposity, while a positive relationship is found between muscular fitness and bone health in future life [6,16].”
Background
Childhood Obesity and Incorrect Body Posture: Impact on Physical Activity and the Therapeutic Role of Exercise
Calcaterra, V., Marin, L., Vandoni, M., Rossi, V., Pirazzi, A., Grazi, R., Patanè, P., Silvestro, G., Pellino, V. C., Albanese, I., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph192416728 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Efficacy of School-Based Interventions for Improving Muscular Fitness Outcomes in Adolescent Boys: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Cox, A., Fairclough, S. J., Kosteli, M., & Noonan, R. J. (2019) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01215-5 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Repeated Sprint Ability in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Gentil, P., Negra, Y., Grgić, J., & Girard, O. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01479-w · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“A meta-analysis for a given RSA outcome was conducted if at least three studies provided sufficient data for the calculation of ES [64, 71, 72].”
Method
A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis on the Effects of Plyometric-Jump Training on the Physical Fitness of Combat Sport Athletes
Ojeda-Aravena, A., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Valdés-Badilla, P. A., Martín, E. B.-S., Thapa, R. K., & Ramírez‐Campillo, R. (2023) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports11020033 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery for monitoring and surveillance among children and adolescents: A modified Delphi consensus project with 169 experts from 50 countries and territories
Ortega, F. B., Zhang, K., Cadenas‐Sánchez, C., Tremblay, M. S., Jurak, G., Tomkinson, G. R., Ruiz, J. R., Klemm, K., Nyström, C. D., Sacheck, J. M., et al. (2024) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2024.101012 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Plyometric jump training effects on the physical fitness of individual-sport athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Solé, S., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Andrade, D. C., & Sánchez-Sánchez, J. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11004 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Muscle strength and executive function in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder
Ludyga, S., Pühse, U., Gerber, M., & Mücke, M. (2021) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.2587 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Changes in Physical Fitness during COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown among Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study
Zhou, T., Zhai, X., Wu, N., Koriyama, S., Wang, D., Jin, Y., Li, W., Sawada, S. S., & Xiang, F. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10020351 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“Previous studies indicated that obesity and low physical fitness levels in adolescence were associated with cardiovascular risks and bone health in adulthood [18,19].”
Background
Physical fitness before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: Results of annual national physical fitness surveillance among 16,647,699 Japanese children and adolescents between 2013 and 2021
Kidokoro, T., Tomkinson, G. R., Lang, J. J., & Suzuki, K. (2022) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2022.11.002 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Comparative effectiveness of school-based exercise interventions on physical fitness in children and adolescents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Wu, J., Yang, Y., Zhang, J., Yu, H., 李立强, & Sun, Y. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1194779 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
“Maximum muscular strength, muscular power, and endurance are potentially correlated with cardiovascular variables and the future health of children and adolescents (100).”
Background
Health-Related Criterion-Referenced Cut-Points for Musculoskeletal Fitness Among Youth: A Systematic Review
Fraser, B., Rollo, S., Sampson, M., Magnussen, C., Lang, J., Tremblay, M., & Tomkinson, G. (2021) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01524-8 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Normal-Weight Obesity Is Associated with Poorer Cardiometabolic Profile and Lower Physical Fitness Levels in Children and Adolescents
García‐Hermoso, A., Agostinis‐Sobrinho, C., Villalba, G. E. C., Jiménez, N. M. G., Izquierdo, M., Correa‐Bautista, J. E., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12041171 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“Specifically, a low level of muscular fitness is recognized as a marker of poor cardiometabolic and adipose tissue function during childhood and adolescence, and also in later life [8].”
Background
Does A Multiple-Sport Intervention Based on the TGfU Pedagogical Model for Physical Education Increase Physical Fitness in Primary School Children?
Cocca, A., Baca, J. E. C., Hernández-Cruz, G., & Cocca, M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17155532 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Strength Training to Prevent Falls in Older Adults: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Claudino, J. G., Afonso, J. R., Sarvestan, J., Lanza, M. B., Pennone, J., Filho, C. A. C., Serrão, J. C., Espregueira‐Mendes, J., Vasconcelos, A. L. V., de Andrade, M. P., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10143184 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Efficacy of school‐based interventions for improving muscular fitness outcomes in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Villa‐González, E., Barranco-Ruíz, Y., García‐Hermoso, A., & Faigenbaum, A. D. (2022) · European Journal of Sport Science · doi:10.1080/17461391.2022.2029578 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Effects of Olympic Combat Sports on Older Adults’ Health Status: A Systematic Review
Valdés-Badilla, P. A., Herrera-Valenzuela, T., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Aedo–Muñoz, E., Martín, E. B.-S., Ojeda-Aravena, A., & Branco, B. H. M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147381 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Pre- and post-intervention means and standard deviations (SDs) for dependent variables were used after being converted to Hedges’s g effect size (ES) [28,29].”
Method
Perceived Physical Literacy Is Associated with Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition and Physical Activity Levels in Secondary School Students
Nezondet, C., Gandrieau, J., Nguyen, P., & Zunquin, G. (2023) · Children · doi:10.3390/children10040712 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Effects of jump training on physical fitness and athletic performance in endurance runners: A meta-analysis
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Andrade, D. C., García‐Pinillos, F., Negra, Y., Boullosa, D. A., & Moran, J. (2021) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1916261 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“, 2003), we conducted meta-analyses only when three or more studies provided data for the aforementioned physical fitness outcomes (Garcia-Hermoso et al., 2019; Moran et al., 2018; Skrede et al., 2019).”
Method
Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Related with Physical Fitness and Physical Activity in Schoolchildren Aged 6–13
López‐Gil, J. F., Brazo‐Sayavera, J., García‐Hermoso, A., & Lucas, J. L. Y. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12020567 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Likewise, the association between PF and some metabolic risk factors in children, adolescents, and adults has been well described in previous researches [3,4].”
Background
Impact of Parental Education and Physical Activity on the Long-Term Development of the Physical Fitness of Primary School Children: An Observational Study
Ruedl, G., Niedermeier, M., Wimmer, L., Ploner, V., Pocecco, E., Cocca, A., & Greier, K. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18168736 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“High physical fitness at young age is associated with reduced risk of being overweight or obese in adolescence [24] and low physical fitness in children and adolescents is associated with adiposity, lower cardiometabolic health, and lower bone health in later life [25].”
Background
Effects of aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on health-related physical fitness in adolescents: A randomized controlled trial
Mendonça, F. R., de Faria, W. F., da Silva, J. M., Massuto, R. B., dos Santos, G. C., Corrêa, R. C., dos Santos, C. F., Sasaki, J. E., & Neto, A. S. (2022) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2022.03.002 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The relationship between digit ratio ( 2D : 4D ) and muscular fitness: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Pasanen, B. E., Tomkinson, J. M., Dufner, T. J., Park, C. W., Fitzgerald, J. S., & Tomkinson, G. R. (2021) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23657 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
“…measure of overall strength capacity (Bohannon et al., 2012; Wind et al., 2010), and is an important indicator of good health across the lifespan (García-Hermoso et al., 2019; McGrath et al., 2018; Ortega et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2014; Soysal et al., 2021) as well as sports/athletic…”
Background
Physical Fitness Surveillance and Monitoring Systems Inventory for Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review with a Global Perspective
Brazo‐Sayavera, J., da Silva, D. R. P., Lang, J. J., Tomkinson, G. R., Agostinis‐Sobrinho, C., Andersen, L. B., García‐Hermoso, A., Gaya, A. R., Jurak, G., Lee, E., et al. (2024) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-024-02038-9 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Resistance Exercise for the Prevention and Treatment of Pediatric Dynapenia
Faigenbaum, A. D., Rebullido, T. R., Peña, J., & Chulvi‐Medrano, I. (2019) · Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise · doi:10.1007/s42978-019-00038-0 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
May the Force Be with Youth: Foundational Strength for Lifelong Development
Faigenbaum, A. D., Ratamess, N. A., Kang, J., Bush, J. A., & Rebullido, T. R. (2023) · Current Sports Medicine Reports · doi:10.1249/jsr.0000000000001122 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness associations with older adolescent cognitive control
Shigeta, T. T., Leahy, A. A., Smith, J. J., Eather, N., Lubans, D. R., & Hillman, C. H. (2020) · Journal of sport and health science/Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2020.05.004 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“, muscle strength, endurance, and power) can benefit indices of health in both children and adolescents.(10,12) The benefits of physical fitness have also been extended to cognitive and brain health.”
Background
The use of real-time monitoring during flywheel resistance training programmes: how can we measure eccentric overload? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Muñoz‐López, A., Fonseca, F. D. S., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Gantois, P., Nuñez, F. J., & Nakamura, F. Y. (2021) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2021.101602 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“The studies were considered as being of “excellent” (9–10 points), “good” (6–8 points), “fair” (4–5 points), or “poor” methodological quality ( ≤ 3 points)[43].”
Profiling children longitudinally: A three‐year follow‐up study of perceived and actual motor competence and physical fitness
Estevan, I., Menescardi, C., García‐Massó, X., Barnett, L. M., & Molina‐García, J. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13731 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
What is the role of adherence to 24‐hour movement guidelines in relation to physical fitness components among adolescents?
Tapia‐Serrano, M. Á., López‐Gil, J. F., Sevil‐Serrano, J., García‐Hermoso, A., & Miguel, P. A. S. (2023) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.14357 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A Meta-Analytical Comparison of the Effects of Small-Sided Games vs. Running-Based High-Intensity Interval Training on Soccer Players’ Repeated-Sprint Ability
Clemente, F. M., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Afonso, J. R., Sarmento, H., Rosemann, T. J., & Knechtle, B. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18052781 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The effect of an online exercise programme on bone health in paediatric cancer survivors (iBoneFIT): study protocol of a multi-centre randomized controlled trial
Gil-Cosano, J. J., Ubago‐Guisado, E., Sánchez, M., Ortega-Acosta, M. J., Mateos, M. E., Benito, A. I., Llorente‐Cantarero, F. J., Ortega, F. B., Ruiz, J. R., Labayen, I., et al. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09607-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“A recent longitudinal review showed that higher levels of muscular fitness in childhood and adolescent were associated with higher aBMD later in life [101].”
Background
Neuromusculoskeletal Health in Pediatric Obesity: Incorporating Evidence into Clinical Examination
O’Malley, G., Shultz, S. P., Thivel, D., & Tsiros, M. D. (2021) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-021-00463-9 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Weight Status Is Related to Health-Related Physical Fitness and Physical Activity but Not to Sedentary Behaviour in Children
López‐Gil, J. F., Brazo‐Sayavera, J., Lucas, J. L. Y., & Cavichiolli, F. R. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17124518 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Moreover, some studies have reported a negative association between excess body fat and some parameters of health-related PF, such as CRF [9,10] or muscular fitness [11,12].”
Background
Can complex contrast training interventions improve aerobic endurance, maximal strength, and repeated sprint ability in soccer players? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Thapa, R. K., Narvariya, P., Weldon, A., Talukdar, K., & Ramírez‐Campillo, R. (2022) · Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine · doi:10.26773/mjssm.220906 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Effects of Exclusively Resistance Training-Based Supervised Programs in People with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Carneiro, L., Afonso, J., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Murawska-Ciałowciz, E., Marques, A., & Clemente, F. M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17186715 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“The analysis and interpretation of results in this SRMA were only conducted if at least three study groups provided baseline and follow-up data for the same measure [41].”
Method
Health-related physical fitness indicators and clustered cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: A longitudinal study
da Silva, P. R., dos Santos, G. C., da Silva, J. M., de Faria, W. F., de Oliveira, R. G., & Neto, A. S. (2020) · Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness · doi:10.1016/j.jesf.2020.06.002 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Change in physical fitness due to the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in French adolescents: a comparison between two independent large samples from Diagnoform battery
Béghin, L., Thivel, D., Baudelet, J., Deschamps, T., Ovigneur, H., & Vanhelst, J. (2022) · European Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s00431-022-04610-9 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The authors showed that low muscular strength and CRF in adolescence are strongly associated with risk factors for major causes of death in adulthood [4, 5].”
BackgroundInfluential
Back pain in children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study
Azevedo, N., Ribeiro, J. C., & Machado, L. J. (2023) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-023-07751-z · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Normative health‐related fitness values for French children: The Diagnoform Programme
Vanhelst, J., Ternynck, C., Ovigneur, H., & Deschamps, T. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13607 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Effects of Upper-Body Plyometric Training on Physical Fitness in Healthy Youth and Young Adult Participants: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
García-Carrillo, E., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Thapa, R. K., Afonso, J. R., Granacher, U., & Izquierdo, M. (2023) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-023-00631-2 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“However, meta-analyses were performed if ≥ 3 studies were available due to the reduced number of participants commonly included in plyometric training studies [65–67].”
Method
Effects of a physical education intervention on children’s physical activity and fitness: the PROFIT pilot study
Reis, L. N., Reuter, C. P., Burns, R. D., Martins, C., Mota, J. A. P. S., Gaya, A. C. A., Silveira, J. F. D. C., & Gaya, A. R. (2024) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s12887-024-04544-1 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
SmartCHANGE: AI-based long-term health risk evaluation for driving behaviour change strategies in children and youth
Reščič, N., Alberts, J. W., Altenburg, T. M., Chinapaw, M. J. M., Nigro, A. D., Fenoglio, D., Gjoreski, M., Gradišek, A., Jurak, G., Kiourtis, A., et al. (2023) · International Conference on Applied Mathematics & Computer Science (ICAMCS) · doi:10.1109/icamcs59110.2023.00020 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“These risk factors often occur together and can interact to increase the risk of NCDs. Adopting a healthy lifestyle can enhance physical, social, and mental well-being, particularly among young individuals, while minimising the risks of morbidity and mortality associated with NCDs, [2], [3], [4].”
Background
Feasibility and content validity of the PERF-FIT test battery to assess movement skills, agility and power among children in low-resource settings
Smits-Engelsman, B. C. M., Bonney, E., Neto, J. L. C., & Jelsma, D. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09236-w · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Longitudinal associations of physical fitness and body mass index with academic performance
García‐Hermoso, A., Martínez‐Gómez, D., Fernández‐Santos, J. R., Ortega, F. B., Castro‐Piñero, J., Hillman, C. H., Veiga, Ó. L., & Esteban‐Cornejo, I. (2020) · Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports · doi:10.1111/sms.13817 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Motor performance and back pain in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Noll, M. A., Wedderkopp, N., Mendonça, C. R., & Kjær, P. (2020) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01468-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“Motor performance components are essential to psychological and social development in children and adolescents [26] and have been recognized as an important determinant of current and future health status [27, 28].”
Background
Body composition adaptations to lower-body plyometric training: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ramírez‐Campillo, R., García‐Pinillos, F., Nikolaidis, P. Τ., Clemente, F. M., Gentil, P., & García‐Hermoso, A. (2021) · Biology of Sport · doi:10.5114/biolsport.2022.104916 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“For analysis and interpretation of results, meta-analyses were conducted if at least three studies provided effect sizes for the same parameter [29, 34, 35].”
Method
Effectiveness of an adapted physical activity intervention on health-related physical fitness in adolescents with intellectual disability: a randomized controlled trial
Sun, Y., Yu, S., Wang, A., Chan, H. C.-K., Ou, A. Y. T., Zhang, D., Xie, Y. J., Fong, S. S. M., & Gao, Y. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26024-1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The epidemiology of muscle-strengthening activity among adolescents from 28 European countries
Bennie, J. A., Faulkner, G., & Smith, J. J. (2021) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1177/14034948211031392 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“[8] García-hermoso A, ramírez-Campillo r and Izquierdo M.”
Secular trends in physical fitness of Slovenian boys and girls aged 7 to 15 years from 1989 to 2019: a population-based study
Radulović, A., Jurak, G., Leskošek, B., Starc, G., & Blagus, R. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14813-7 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Jump rope training effects on health- and sport-related physical fitness in young participants: A systematic review with meta-analysis
Singh, U., Ramachandran, A. K., Ramírez‐Campillo, R., Pérez‐Castilla, A., Afonso, J. R., Clemente, F. M., & Oliver, J. L. (2022) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2022.2099161 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“The ability to carry out daily tasks and perform physical activities in a highly functional state (i.e., physical fitness) is an important marker of current and future health status (Cadenas-Sanchez et al., 2021; Garcia-Hermoso et al., 2019).”
BackgroundInfluential
Feasibility and Reliability of Physical Fitness Tests among Colombian Preschool Children
Amado-Pacheco, J., Prieto‐Benavides, D. H., Correa‐Bautista, J. E., García‐Hermoso, A., Agostinis‐Sobrinho, C., Alonso-Martínez, A. M., Izquierdo, M., & Ramírez‐Vélez, R. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16173069 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The Effects of Resistance Training on Blood Pressure in Preadolescents and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Guillem, C. M., Loaiza-Betancur, A. F., Rebullido, T. R., Faigenbaum, A. D., & Chulvi‐Medrano, I. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17217900 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“RT is an evidence-based preventative exercise intervention strategy that can promote health and well-being through the life course [37,38].”
Background
Epidemiology of Sports-Related Clavicle Fractures in the United States: Injuries From 2015 to 2019
Twomey-Kozak, J. N., Whitlock, K. G., O’Donnell, J. A., Klifto, C. S., & Anakwenze, O. A. (2022) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/23259671221126553 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

The Health Benefits of Muscular Fitness for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Smith, J. J., Eather, N., Morgan, P. J., Plotnikoff, R. C., Faigenbaum, A. D., & Lubans, D. R. (2014) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-014-0196-4 · Cited by 795 · see citing works
Muscular Fitness and Cardiometabolic Variables in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
de Lima, T. R., Martins, P. C., Moreno, Y. M. F., Chaput, J., Tremblay, M. S., Sui, X., & Silva, D. A. S. (2022) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.1007/s40279-021-01631-6 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Muscle Fitness Changes During Childhood Associates With Improvements in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: A Prospective Study
Tarp, J., Bugge, A., Møller, N. C., Klakk, H., Rexen, C. T., Grøntved, A., & Wedderkopp, N. (2019) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2017-0678 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Childhood Muscular Fitness Phenotypes and Adult Metabolic Syndrome
Fraser, B. J., Huynh, Q. L., Schmidt, M. D., Dwyer, T., Venn, A., & Magnussen, C. G. (2016) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000955 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
The synergic relationship between muscular fitness and adiposity with cardiometabolic risk: a longitudinal mediation analysis
Silveira, J. F. D. C., Andersen, L. B., Pfeiffer, K. A., Burns, R. D., Lima, R. A., Renner, J. D. P., Reuter, É. M., Sehn, A. P., Gaya, A. R., & Reuter, C. P. (2026) · Sport Sciences for Health · doi:10.1007/s11332-026-01699-5

Authors: García-Hermoso, A., Ramírez-Campillo, R., & Izquierdo, M.
ORCID: García-Hermoso, Antonio
Ramírez-Campillo, Rodrigo
Izquierdo, Mikel
Venue: Sports Medicine
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2019-04-05
Volume: 49
Issue: 7
Pages: 1079-1094
ISSN: 0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
1179-2035
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01098-6
OpenAlex: W2935554824
Cited by: 512
References: 82
Citations by year: 2026: 45 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 75 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 93 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 1
FWCI: 7.46
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations: Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Academica-e (Universidad Pública de Navarra) (acceptedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
Keywords: muscular fitness, childhood, adolescence, body mass index, adiposity, cardiometabolic health, insulin resistance, triglycerides, cardiovascular risk, bone mineral density, musculoskeletal health, low back pain, grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump, skinfold thickness
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anthropometry, Child, Health Status, Humans, Physical Fitness, Bone Density, Body Mass Index, Adiposity, Muscle Strength

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Is muscular fitness associated with future health benefits in children and adolescents? A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

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