Behavior of Chromium in Soils: III. Oxidation
Abstract
Abstract Because reduced Cr has been considered to be the stable form in soils, we were surprised to find that added trivalent Cr oxidizes readily to the hexavalent form under conditions prevalent in many field soils. The key to the oxidation appears to be the presence in the soil of oxidized Mn, which serves as the electron acceptor in the reaction. The relative ability of a soil to oxidize Cr may be predicted by measuring Mn reducible by hydroquinone, or it may be determined directly by means of a quick test in which Cr(III) is added to a fresh moist soil sample. Oxidation of Cr by soils was not discovered earlier because the importance of studying fresh field soils, rather than crushed, dried, stored samples, was not appreciated. Plants were severely damaged by Cr(VI) formed from Cr(III) added to fresh soil samples. Hexavalent Cr still was present in a soil stored moist at 25°C for 5 mo.
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In modern soils, Mn-oxide phases catalyze the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI).
“the oxidation of Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in modern soils is catalyzed by interaction between Cr(III) and Mn-oxide phases (MnO2)”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Bartlett and James, 1979
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- Authors
- Bartlett, R., & James, B.
- Affiliations
- University of Vermont (US)
- ORCID
- James, Bruce
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Quality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1979-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 31-35
- ISSN
- 0047-2425 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2537
- OpenAlex
- W2039078568
- Cited by
- 570
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 3.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Environmental Quality (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Chromium effects and bioremediation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Heavy metals in environment
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Environmental and Analytical Chemistry Studies
- Keywords
- chromium oxidation, hexavalent chromium, trivalent chromium, soil redox conditions, hydroquinone reduction
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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