The isotopic composition of authigenic chromium in anoxic marine sediments: a case study from the Cariaco Basin
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The unmineralized black shale samples studied are characterized by even lower Cr/Ti ratios than the present-day upper continental crust, indicating a very limited or no authigenic Cr proportion in these samples.
“The unmineralized black shale samples studied herein are characterized by even lower Cr/Ti ratios than the present-day upper continental crust22, indicating a very limited or no authigenic Cr proportion in these samples”
From Subtle Cr isotope signals track the variably anoxic Cryogenian interglacial period with voluminous manganese accumulation and decrease in biodiversity (2019) · cites this paper as [22]
Sediments deposited under an anoxic water column approximately record the δ53Cr signature of the overlying water column, so such sediments can be used to track ocean Cr isotope composition over time.
“The authors argued that this observation suggests that such sediments, and their ancient equivalents, can be used to track the Cr isotope composition of the oceans over time-because the δ 53 Cr signature of the overlying water column is approximately recorded by sediments deposited under an anoxic water column.”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al. (2014)
A slight increase in δ53Cr coupled with elevated Cr enrichments is coincident with the onset of deep-water euxinic conditions in the Cariaco Basin.
“A slight increase in δ 53 Cr coupled with elevated Cr enrichments is coincident with the onset of deep-water euxinic conditions in the basin.”
From Trace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al. (2014)
Non-quantitative Cr removal from partial reduction in low-oxygen sedimentary settings may cause relatively large Cr isotope fractionation between bottom waters and authigenic Cr in sediment.
“Non-quantitative Cr removal due to partial Cr reduction, such as in low-oxygen sedimentary depositional environments (with O2 < 5 µmol.kg-1 and no H2S present) (Rue et al., 1997), may be accompanied by a relatively large Cr isotope fractionation between bottom waters and authigenic Cr precipitated into the sediment”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2014
Authigenic Cr in anoxic marine sediments may approximately record ambient seawater Cr isotope composition without measurable fractionation when uptake is quantitative or nearly so.
“authigenic Cr in anoxic marine sediments may in some cases approximately capture the Cr isotope composition of ambient seawater without measurable fractionation provided that uptake is quantitative or nearly so”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2014
Cariaco Basin anoxic sediments have roughly constant Cr isotope compositions for most of the last ~14.5 kyr, and detrital-corrected δ53Cr values fall within published Atlantic deepwater values.
“Anoxic sediments of the Cariaco Basin (northern Venezuela, Caribbean Sea) show roughly constant Cr isotope compositions for most of the last ~14.5 kyr (Reinhard et al., 2014), and δ 53 Cr values corrected for detrital Cr inputs fall within the range of published Atlantic deepwater values.”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2014
When oxygen penetration depth is small relative to the reaction-diffusion length scale, partially reduced Cr can escape the sediment column and cause significant Cr isotope fractionation within the sediment.
“If the depth of oxygen penetration into the sediment is small relative to the reaction-diffusion length scale (i.e., the ratio between the diffusion coefficient of CrO4 2-and the apparent rate constant of a single-step reduction reaction), partially reduced Cr can escape from the sediment column, leading to significant Cr isotope fractionation within the sediment.”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2014
Authigenic burial fluxes and Cr isotope fractionation during authigenic enrichment depend strongly on the thickness of the oxygenated sediment layer, which may be important for regulating oceanic Cr isotope mass balance.
“Thus, both authigenic burial fluxes and Cr isotope fractionation during authigenic enrichment depend strongly on the thickness of the oxygenated sediment layer, a relationship that may be of primary importance in regulating oceanic Cr isotope mass balance (e.g., Reinhard et al., 2014).”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2014
The three-step separation protocol ensured complete removal of Fe, Ti and V to avoid isobaric interferences on Cr isotopes.
“The following protocol included three separation steps (Schoenberg et al., 2008;Reinhard et al., 2014) that ensured complete removal of Fe, Ti and V during chemical separation in order to avoid major isobaric interferences of 54 Fe, 50 Ti and 50 V on Cr isotopes.”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2014
The average Peru Margin δ53Cr values for the last approximately 15 thousand years match previously published values from Cariaco Basin Site 1002 closely.
“both of which are very well constrained and essentially identical to previously published values from Cariaco Basin Site 1002 (Reinhard et al., 2014).”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2014
This consistency suggests either that chromium isotope fractionation during authigenic uptake in sediments is roughly constant across the Cariaco Basin, or that uptake during reduction is effectively quantitative and fractionations from partial reduction are minimized.
“This suggests that either Cr isotope fractionation during authigenic uptake in sediments is roughly constant across the basin, or that uptake during reduction is effectively quantitative and fractionations due to partial reduction are minimized (e.g., Reinhard et al., 2014).”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2014
Cr isotopes were measured on a Neptune Plus MC-ICP-MS at Yale following the analytical protocol of Schoenberg et al. (2008) and Reinhard et al. (2014).
“Chromium isotopes were measured on a Neptune Plus (Thermo-Finnigan) MC-ICP-MS at Yale University according to the analytical protocol of (Schoenberg et al., 2008;Reinhard et al., 2014).”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2014
The Cr isotope leaching approach followed a method developed by Reinhard et al. (2014) and previously used for ODP Site 1002.
“Our approach was based on a leaching method developed by Reinhard et al. (2014) and previously employed in constructing a downcore Cr isotope record from ODP Site 1002 (Cariaco Basin).”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al. (2014)
Detrital materials may have a lower Cr/Ti ratio than commonly thought.
“More specifically this may suggest that the Cr/Ti ratio of detrital materials can be lower (Smith et al., 2013) than typically imagined (e.g., Reinhard et al., 2014).”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al., 2014
The average Cr/Ti ratio of oxic deep-ocean sediments in this study is 0.017, similar to the UCC and to Cariaco Basin oxic sediments.
“which is also similar to the average Cr/Ti ratio calculated for the oxic deep-ocean sediments from this study (0.017).”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al. (2014)
Cariaco Basin oxic sediments have an average Cr/Ti ratio of about 0.021, indistinguishable from UCC.
“Reinhard et al. (2014) argued that sediments deposited under oxic conditions in the Cariaco Basin have an average Cr/Ti ratio (~0.021) indistinguishable from that of the UCC”
From The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments (2016) · cites this paper as Reinhard et al. (2014)
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Self-citationA shale-hosted Cr isotope record of low atmospheric oxygen during the Proterozoic
Cole, D. B., Reinhard, C. T., Wang, X., Gueguen, B., Halverson, G. P., Gibson, T., Hodgskiss, M. S. W., McKenzie, N. R., Lyons, T. W., & Planavsky, N. J. (2016) · Geology · doi:10.1130/g37787.1 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Self-citationTrace elements at the intersection of marine biological and geochemical evolution
Robbins, L. J., Lalonde, S. V., Planavsky, N. J., Partin, C. A., Reinhard, C. T., Kendall, B., Scott, C., Hardisty, D. S., Gill, B. C., Alessi, D. S., et al. (2016) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2016.10.013 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationScheiderich, K., Amini, M., Holmden, C., & Francois, R. (2015) · Earth and Planetary Science Letters · doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.04.030 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
The chromium isotope composition of reducing and oxic marine sediments
Gueguen, B., Reinhard, C. T., Algeo, T. J., Peterson, L. C., Nielsen, S. G., Wang, X., Rowe, H., & Planavsky, N. J. (2016) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.04.004 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, X., Planavsky, N. J., Reinhard, C. T., Zou, H., Ague, J. J., Wu, Y., Gill, B. C., Schwarzenbach, E. M., & Peucker-Ehrenbrink, B. (2016) · Chemical Geology · doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2016.01.003 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Self-citationMid-Proterozoic redox evolution and the possibility of transient oxygenation events
Diamond, C. W., & Lyons, T. W. (2018) · Emerging Topics in Life Sciences · doi:10.1042/etls20170146 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, L., Frank, A. B., Lehmann, B., Zhu, J., Mao, J., Ju, Y., & Frei, R. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-51495-0 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
- Authors
- Reinhard, C. T., Planavsky, N. J., Wang, X., Fischer, W. W., Johnson, T. M., & Lyons, T. W.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Yale University (US)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- University of California, Riverside (US)
- Corresponding author
- Reinhard, Christopher T.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-12
- Volume
- 407
- Pages
- 9-18
- ISSN
- 0012-821X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2105660946
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 7.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters (publishedVersion)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NNX12AD84G)
- NASA
- The Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences at California Institute of Technology
- NSF-EAR-PF (1144317)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Geochemistry and Elemental Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- chromium isotopes, anoxic marine sediments, euxinia, redox proxies, Cariaco Basin, Last Glacial Maximum, Atlantic Ocean, paleoceanography, redox reactions
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