The DOI matches its Crossref record; 25 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Nitrate Leaching to Subsurface Drains as Affected by Drain Spacing and Changes in Crop Production System
Abstract
Subsurface drainage is a beneficial water management practice in poorly drained soils but may also contribute substantial nitrate N loads to surface waters. This paper summarizes results from a 15‐yr drainage study in Indiana that includes three drain spacings (5, 10, and 20 m) managed for 10 yr with chisel tillage in monoculture corn (Zea mays L.) and currently managed under a no‐till corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. In general, drainflow and nitrate N losses per unit area were greater for narrower drain spacings. Drainflow removed between 8 and 26% of annual rainfall, depending on year and drain spacing. Nitrate N concentrations in drainflow did not vary with spacing, but concentrations have significantly decreased from the beginning to the end of the experiment. Flow‐weighted mean concentrations decreased from 28 mg L−1 in the 1986–1988 period to 8 mg L−1 in the 1997–1999 period. The reduction in concentration was due to both a reduction in fertilizer N rates over the study period and to the addition of a winter cover crop as a “trap crop” after corn in the corn–soybean rotation. Annual nitrate N loads decreased from 38 kg ha−1 in the 1986–1988 period to 15 kg ha−1 in the 1997–1999 period. Most of the nitrate N losses occurred during the fallow season, when most of the drainage occurred. Results of this study underscore the necessity of long‐term research on different soil types and in different climatic zones, to develop appropriate management strategies for both economic crop production and protection of environmental quality.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Littell, R. C. (1996) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 10,341
Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach.
Calinski, T., Steel, R. G. D., & Torrie, J. H. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530180 · Cited by 4,337
Understanding Robust and Exploratory Data Analysis.
Collett, D., Hoaglin, D. C., Mosteller, F., & Tukey, J. W. (1984) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2981753 · Cited by 1,154
Nitrogen Management Strategies to Reduce Nitrate Leaching in Tile‐Drained Midwestern Soils
Dinnes, D. L., Karlen, D. L., Jaynes, D. B., Kaspar, T. C., Hatfield, J. L., Colvin, T. S., & Cambardella, C. A. (2002) · Agronomy Journal · doi:10.2134/agronj2002.1530 · Cited by 1,010
Self-citationAn Introduction to the Approximation of Functions
Jerome, J. (1970) · Technometrics · doi:10.1080/00401706.1970.10488686 · Cited by 738
Nitrate Nitrogen in Surface Waters as Influenced by Climatic Conditions and Agricultural Practices
Randall, G. W., & Mulla, D. J. (2001) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2001.302337x · Cited by 484
Randall, G. W., Huggins, D. R., Russelle, M. P., Fuchs, D. J., Nelson, W. W., & Anderson, J. L. (1997) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600050007x · Cited by 434
Pesticide and Nutrient Movement into Subsurface Tile Drains on a Silt Loam Soil in Indiana
Kladivko, E. J., Van Scoyoc, G. E., Monke, E. J., Oates, K. M., & Pask, W. (1991) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq1991.00472425002000010043x · Cited by 425
Self-citation(1999) · Agronomy Monographs · doi:10.2134/agronmonogr38 · Cited by 408
Nitrate Loss in Subsurface Drainage as Affected by Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate
Jaynes, D. B., Colvin, T. S., Karlen, D. L., Cambardella, C. A., & Meek, D. W. (2001) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2001.3041305x · Cited by 378
Self-citation
Cited by
Understanding and enhancing soil biological health: the solution for reversing soil degradation
Lehman, R., Cambardella, C., Stott, D., Acosta-Martinez, V., Manter, D., Buyer, J., Maul, J., Smith, J., Collins, H., Halvorson, J., et al. (2015) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su7010988 · Cited by 449
Denitrification activity, wood loss, and N2O emissions over 9 years from a wood chip bioreactor
Moorman, T. B., Parkin, T. B., Kaspar, T. C., & Jaynes, D. B. (2010) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2010.03.012 · Cited by 183
Self-citationJaynes, D. B., Kaspar, T. C., Moorman, T. B., & Parkin, T. B. (2008) · Journal of Environmental Quality · doi:10.2134/jeq2007.0279 · Cited by 137
Self-citationLang, M., Li, P., & Yan, X. (2013) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.044 · Cited by 77
Liu, W., Yuan, Y., & Koropeckyj-Cox, L. (2021) · Transactions of the ASABE · doi:10.13031/trans.14078 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Kladivko, E. J., Frankenberger, J. R., Jaynes, D. B., Meek, D. W., Jenkinson, B. J., & Fausey, N. R.
- Venue
- Journal of Environmental Quality
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 33
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1803-1813
- ISSN
- 0047-2425 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-2537
- OpenAlex
- W2069023251
- Cited by
- 288
- References
- 25
- FWCI
- 5.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Nitrate Leaching to Subsurface Drains as Affected by Drain Spacing and Changes in Crop Production System. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2134/jeq2004.1803
- The paper
- Kladivko, E. J., Frankenberger, J. R., Jaynes, D. B., Meek, D. W., Jenkinson, B. J., & Fausey, N. R. (2004). Nitrate Leaching to Subsurface Drains as Affected by Drain Spacing and Changes in Crop Production System. Journal of Environmental Quality. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2004.1803
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
