Salmonella Survival in Manure‐Treated Soils during Simulated Seasonal Temperature Exposure

Holley, Richard A.; Arrus, Katia M.; Ominski, Kimberly H.; Tenuta, Mario; Blank, Gregory

doi:10.2134/jeq2005.0449

Cited by 122Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiologyListeria monocytogenes in Food SafetyFecal contamination and water quality

Salmonella Survival in Manure‐Treated Soils during Simulated Seasonal Temperature Exposure

Holley, Richard A., Arrus, Katia M., Ominski, Kimberly H., Tenuta, Mario, Blank, Gregory·2006·Journal of Environmental Quality

DOI 10.2134/jeq2005.0449

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Abstract

Addition of animal manure to soil can provide opportunity for Salmonella contamination of soil, water, and food. This study examined how exposure of hog manure‐treated loamy sand and clay soils to different simulated seasonal temperature sequences influenced the length of Salmonella survival. A six‐strain cocktail of Salmonella serovars (Agona, Hadar, Heidelberg, Montevideo, Oranienburg, and Typhimurium) was added to yield 5 log cfu/g directly to about 5 kg of the two soils and moisture adjusted to 60 or 80% of field capacity (FC). Similarly, the Salmonella cocktail was mixed with fresh manure slurry from a hog nursery barn and the latter added to the two soils at 25 g/kg to achieve 5 log cfu/g Salmonella Manure was mixed either throughout the soil or with the top kilogram of soil and the entire soil volume was adjusted to 60 or 80% FC. Soil treatments were stored 180 d at temperature sequences representing winter to summer (−18, 4, 10, 25°C), spring to summer (4, 10, 25, 30°C), or summer to winter (25, 10, 4, −18°C) seasonal periods with each temperature step lasting 45 d. Samples for Salmonella recovery by direct plating or enrichment were taken at 0, 7, and 15 d post‐inoculation and thereafter at 15‐d intervals to 180 d. Salmonella numbers decreased during application to soil and the largest decreases occurred within the first week. Higher soil moisture, manure addition, and storage in the clay soil increased Salmonella survival. Salmonella survived longest (≥180 d) in both soils during summer‐winter exposure but was not isolated after 160 d from loamy sand soil exposed to other seasonal treatments. For all but one treatment decimal reduction time (DRT 45d) values calculated from the first 45 d after application were ≤30 d and suggested that a 30‐d delay between field application of manure in the spring or fall and use of the land would provide reasonable assurance that crop and animal contamination by Salmonella would be minimized.

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Reduction of faecal bacteria in soil varies due to temperature, pH, type and humidity of soil, season, and presence of antagonistic microflora.
“The reduction of faecal bacteria in the soil varies due to the temperature, pH, type and humidity of the soil, as well as the season and presence of an antagonistic microflora in relation to pathogens (You et al. 2006; Holley et al. 2006; Edrington et al. 2009).”
From Trends in designing microbial silage quality by biotechnological methods using lactic acid bacteria inoculants: a minireview. (2019) · cites this paper as Holley et al. 2006
The survival time of Salmonella spp. in soil depends on conditions and can last about 33 weeks or longer.
“The survival time of Salmonella spp. in the soil depends on the conditions and can last about 33 weeks or longer.”
From Trends in designing microbial silage quality by biotechnological methods using lactic acid bacteria inoculants: a minireview. (2019) · cites this paper as Holley et al. 2006

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Authors: Holley, R. A., Arrus, K. M., Ominski, K. H., Tenuta, M., & Blank, G.
Affiliations: University of Manitoba (CA)
Corresponding author: Holley, Richard A.
ORCID: Holley, Richard A.
Tenuta, Mario
Venue: Journal of Environmental Quality
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2006-07
Volume: 35
Issue: 4
Pages: 1170-1180
ISSN: 0047-2425 (ISSN-L)
1537-2537
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2005.0449
OpenAlex: W197662244
Cited by: 122
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 4.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Journal of Environmental Quality (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Manitoba Manure Management Initiative, Inc.
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Salmonella and Campylobacter epidemiology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Listeria monocytogenes in Food Safety
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fecal contamination and water quality
Keywords: Salmonella survival, livestock manure, pig manure, soil temperature, soil moisture, loamy sand soil, clay soil, liquid manure, Salmonella serotypes, D-value, manure application timing, food safety, water pollution
MeSH terms: Animals, Bacteriological Techniques, Food Contamination, Food Microbiology, Manure, Salmonella, Seasons, Soil Microbiology, Temperature

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Salmonella Survival in Manure‐Treated Soils during Simulated Seasonal Temperature Exposure

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