Tillage and crop rotation effects on dryland soil and residue carbon and nitrogen
Abstract
Sustainable management practices are needed to enhance soil productivity in degraded dryland soils in the northern Great Plains. We examined the effects of two tillage practices [conventional till (CT) and no‐till (NT)], five crop rotations [continuous spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) (CW), spring wheat‐fallow (W‐F), spring wheat‐lentil ( Lens culinaris Medic.) (W‐L), spring wheat‐spring wheat‐fallow (W‐W‐F), and spring wheat‐pea ( Pisum sativum L.)‐fallow (W‐P‐F)], and a Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) on plant biomass returned to the soil, residue C and N, and soil organic C (SOC), soil total N (STN), and particulate organic C and N (POC and PON) at the 0‐ to 20‐cm depth. A field experiment was conducted in a mixture of Scobey clay loam (fine, smectitic, frigid Aridic Argiustolls) and Kevin clay loam (fine‐loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aridic Argiustolls) from 1998 to 2003 near Havre, MT. Mean annualized plant biomass returned to the soil from 1998 to 2003 was greater in W‐F (2.02 Mg ha −1 ) than in W‐L and W‐W‐F, regardless of tillage. In 2004, residue cover was greater in CW (60%) than in other rotations, except in W‐W‐F. Residue amount and C and N contents were greater in NT with CW (2.47 Mg ha −1 and 963 and 22 kg ha −1 , respectively) than in NT with W‐L and CT with other crop rotations. The POC at 0 to 5 cm was greater in W‐W‐F and W‐P‐F (2.1–2.2 Mg ha −1 ) than in W‐L. Similarly, STN at 5 to 20 cm was greater in CT with W‐L (2.21 Mg ha −1 ) than in other treatments, except in NT with W‐W‐F. Reduced tillage and increased cropping intensity, such as NT with CW and W‐L, conserved C and N in dryland soils and crop residue better than the traditional practice, CT with W‐F, and their contents were similar to or better than in CRP planting.
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Enhanced grass silage amounts in mulch lead to extended biomass decomposition, a higher C/N ratio, and therefore higher N immobilization.
“Since enhanced grass silage amounts in mulch lead to extended biomass decomposition, a higher C/N ratio can be observed and therefore N immobilization is higher (Sainju et al., 2006).”
From Intensify production, transform biomass to energy and novel goods and protect soils in Europe—A vision how to mobilize marginal lands (2018) · cites this paper as Sainju et al., 2006
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- Authors
- Sainju, U. M., Lenssen, A., Caesar-Tonthat, T., & Waddell, J.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- USDA‐ARS 1500 North Central Avenue Sidney MT 59270
- Corresponding author
- Sainju, Upendra M.
- Venue
- Soil Science Society of America Journal
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 668-678
- ISSN
- 0361-5995 (ISSN-L)
- 1435-0661
- OpenAlex
- W1998753009
- Cited by
- 89
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 10.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Soil Science Society of America Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Management and Crop Yield
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Keywords
- tillage, crop rotation, arid soils, soil organic carbon, soil nitrogen, crop residues, no-tillage, conventional tillage, Conservation Reserve Program, spring wheat, lentil, pea, fallow, particulate organic matter, soil carbon sequestration, Northern Great Plains, soil degradation, cropping intensity, residue cover, clay loam soil, sustainable soil management
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