Cited by 27Medication Adherence and ComplianceCystic Fibrosis Research AdvancesInhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery

Accurate reporting of adherence to inhaled therapies in adults with cystic fibrosis: methods to calculate “normative adherence”

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Hoo, Zhe H, Curley, Rachael, Campbell, Michael J, Walters, Stephen J, Hind, Daniel, Wildman, Martin J·2016·Patient Preference and Adherence

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Preventative inhaled treatments in cystic fibrosis will only be effective in maintaining lung health if used appropriately. An accurate adherence index should therefore reflect treatment effectiveness, but the standard method of reporting adherence, that is, as a percentage of the agreed regimen between clinicians and people with cystic fibrosis, does not account for the appropriateness of the treatment regimen. We describe two different indices of inhaled therapy adherence for adults with cystic fibrosis which take into account effectiveness, that is, "simple" and "sophisticated" normative adherence. METHODS TO CALCULATE NORMATIVE ADHERENCE: Denominator adjustment involves fixing a minimum appropriate value based on the recommended therapy given a person's characteristics. For simple normative adherence, the denominator is determined by the person's Pseudomonas status. For sophisticated normative adherence, the denominator is determined by the person's Pseudomonas status and history of pulmonary exacerbations over the previous year. Numerator adjustment involves capping the daily maximum inhaled therapy use at 100% so that medication overuse does not artificially inflate the adherence level. THREE ILLUSTRATIVE CASES: Case A is an example of inhaled therapy under prescription based on Pseudomonas status resulting in lower simple normative adherence compared to unadjusted adherence. Case B is an example of inhaled therapy under-prescription based on previous exacerbation history resulting in lower sophisticated normative adherence compared to unadjusted adherence and simple normative adherence. Case C is an example of nebulizer overuse exaggerating the magnitude of unadjusted adherence. CONCLUSION: Different methods of reporting adherence can result in different magnitudes of adherence. We have proposed two methods of standardizing the calculation of adherence which should better reflect treatment effectiveness. The value of these indices can be tested empirically in clinical trials in which there is careful definition of treatment regimens related to key patient characteristics, alongside accurate measurement of health outcomes.

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  • A minimum of one to three nebulised treatments per day are usually prescribed for people with CF, depending on individual characteristics, with treatments taking an average of 41 minutes per day.

    “A minimum of one to three nebulised treatments per day are usually prescribed, depending on an individual's characteristics (Hoo 2016), with treatments taking an average of 41 minutes per day (Sawicki 2009).”

    From Psychological interventions for improving adherence to inhaled therapies in people with cystic fibrosis (2023) · cites this paper as Hoo 2016

    The ‘Simple normative adherence’ section says adults with CF should receive at least one inhaled therapy daily, or three if chronically colonized with Pseudomonas. This supports the prescribed range and its dependence on individual characteristics, but the cited recommendation is framed for adults, whereas the claim says people with CF generally. The 41-minute figure is attributed to Sawicki, not Hoo, and is not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.83)

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [2]Hoo ZH Wildman MJ Teare MD Exploration of the impact of ‘mild phenotypes’ on median age at death in the U.K. CF registry Respir Med 2014 108 5 716 721 24675238
  2. [51]Lee TW Brownlee KG Conway SP Denton M Littlewood JM Evaluation of a new definition for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients J Cyst Fibros 2003 2 1 29 34 15463843

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Authors
Hoo, Z. H., Curley, R., Campbell, M. J., Walters, S. J., Hind, D., & Wildman, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Northern General Hospital (GB)
  • University of Sheffield (GB)
Corresponding author
Wildman, Martin J
Venue
Patient Preference and Adherence
Published
2016-05
Volume
10
Pages
887
ISSN
1177-889X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2402934670
Cited by
27
References
95
Citations by year
2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 4
FWCI
4.06
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Patient Preference and Adherence (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (acceptedVersion)
  • Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders
  • National Institute for Health and Care Research (DRF-2014-07-092, RP-PG-1212-20015)
  • Medical Research Council
  • Programme Grants for Applied Research (RP-PG-1212-20015)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Inhalation and Respiratory Drug Delivery
Keywords
cystic fibrosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, pulmonary exacerbations, medication overuse, adults with cystic fibrosis

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