The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fifty‐ two—Week Treatment With Diet and Exercise Plus Transdermal Testosterone Reverses the Metabolic Syndrome and Improves Glycemic Control in Men With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Subnormal Plasma Testosterone
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) often have low testosterone levels. Elevating low testosterone levels may improve features of the MetS and glycemic control. In a single blind, 52‐week randomized clinical trial, the effects of supervised diet and exercise (D&E) with or without transdermal testosterone administration on components of the MetS in hypogonadal men with the MetS and newly diagnosed T2D were assessed. A total of 32 hypogonadal men (total testosterone <12.0 nmol/L) with newly diagnosed T2D and with the MetS as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation received supervised D&E, but 16 received it in combination with testosterone gel (50 mg) once daily (n = 16). No glucose‐lowering agents were administered prior to or during the study period. Outcome measures were components of the MetS as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation. Serum testosterone, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), fasting plasma glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations, and the waist circumference improved in both treatment groups after 52 weeks of treatment. Addition of testosterone significantly further improved these measures compared with D&E alone. All D&E plus testosterone patients reached the HbA 1c goal of less than 7.0%; 87.5% of them reached an HbA 1c of less than 6.5%. Based on Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, 81.3% of the patients randomized to D&E plus testosterone no longer matched the criteria of the MetS, whereas 31.3% of the D&E alone participants did. Additionally, testosterone treatment improved insulin sensitivity, adiponectin, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Addition of testosterone to supervised D&E results in greater therapeutic improvements of glycemic control and reverses the MetS after 52 weeks of treatment in hypogonadal patients with the MetS and newly diagnosed T2D.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While a small, uncontrolled study found that testosterone treatment augmented the reductions in central adiposity and insulin resistance achieved with lifestyle;118”
From Lowered testosterone in male obesity: Mechanisms, morbidity and management (2014) · cites this paper as [118]
In the citing paper
“The addition of testosterone gel to the lifestyle changes resulted in greater improvements of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity [22].”
From Treatment of Men with Central Hypogonadism: Alternatives for Testosterone Replacement Therapy (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Heufelder et al. found that a lifestyle intervention (supervised diet and exercise) during 52 weeks significantly improved testosterone concentrations and glycemic control in 16 hypogonadal men with metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.”
From Treatment of Men with Central Hypogonadism: Alternatives for Testosterone Replacement Therapy (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Heufelder et al. found that a lifestyle intervention (supervised diet and exercise) during 52 weeks significantly improved testosterone concentrations and glycemic control in 16 hypogonadal men with metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.”
From Treatment of Men with Central Hypogonadism: Alternatives for Testosterone Replacement Therapy (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Insulin sensitivity may improve within few days, but effects on glycemic control become evident only after 3–12 months.”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“An increase was found to occur after 3 months increasing further during 12 months (43), after 6 months, (35) or close to 1 year (44). Continuous increase was observed over 24 months (32).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“A decline in HbA1c was observed after 3 months (31, 36, 43) with further decrease after 12 months (43).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Several studies indicate that upon testosterone administration, serum glucose is reduced after 3 months in men with impaired glucose tolerance (31, 36, 43).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“A decrease in serum proinsulin and insulin was noted after 3 months (43) or 6 months (45), and a decrease in homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after 3 months (36) or 6 months (45–47).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“A decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP) was observed after 3 weeks (63) and in other studies after 3 months (32, 43).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Other studies have found a rise of PSA levels after 3 months (40), some only after 12 months (43).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Only few studies to date reported that combination of TRT and LSM is superior to LSM alone in increasing insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, muscle mass and reducing liver fat (4, 5).”
From Effects of liraglutide on obesity-associated functional hypogonadism in men (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“A compelling number of clinical studies demonstrated that TRT led to improvement in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity (4, 5, 37, 42), whereas some failed to confirm these observations (43).”
From Effects of liraglutide on obesity-associated functional hypogonadism in men (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
Citations
Cites
The metabolic syndrome—a new worldwide definition
Alberti, K. G. M., Zimmet, P., & Shaw, J. (2005) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)67402-8 · Cited by 9,352
Grundy, S. M., Brewer, H. B., Cleeman, J. I., Smith, S. C., & Lenfant, C. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000111245.75752.c6 · Cited by 5,982
Correct Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA) Evaluation Uses the Computer Program
Lévy, J., Matthews, D. R., & Hermans, M. P. (1998) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.21.12.2191 · Cited by 2,023
Ding, E. L., Song, Y., Malik, V. S., & Liu, S. (2006) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.295.11.1288 · Cited by 1,354
Kapoor, D., Goodwin, E., Channer, K. S., & Jones, T. H. (2006) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.02166 · Cited by 791
The Metabolic Syndrome: Inflammation, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cardiovascular Disease
Haffner, S. M. (2005) · The American Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2005.11.010 · Cited by 568
Association of Specific Symptoms and Metabolic Risks with Serum Testosterone in Older Men
Zitzmann, M., Faber, S., & Nieschlag, E. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0401 · Cited by 552
Insulin sensitivity during combined androgen blockade for prostate cancer
Smith, M. R., Lee, H., & Nathan, D. M. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2005-2507 · Cited by 493
Relationship Between Testosterone Levels, Insulin Sensitivity, and Mitochondrial Function in Men
Pitteloud, N., Mootha, V. K., Dwyer, A. A., Hardin, M., Lee, H., Eriksson, K.-F., Tripathy, D., Yialamas, M., Groop, L., Elahi, D., et al. (2005) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.28.7.1636 · Cited by 472
Endogenous sex hormones and metabolic syndrome in aging men
Muller, M., Grobbee, D. E., den Tonkelaar, I., Lamberts, S. W. J., & van der Schouw, Y. T. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1158 · Cited by 456
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–348 of 348
Ist es „nur“ das Alter oder braucht er Testosteron?
Heufelder, A. E., Wetterauer, U., & Yassin, A. A. (2014) · MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin · doi:10.1007/s15006-014-3642-1
Self-citationHipogonadismo de inicio tardío: Un síndrome prevalente pero poco detectado
Marcelo Marconi, T., Erika Petricevic, O., & Daniela Fleck, L. (2012)
Benefits of testosterone replacementHACKETT
Hackett, G. I. (2013)
Causas y consecuencias del hipogonadismo en varones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2
Ruiz, A. H. (2015) · Gredos (University of Salamanca) · doi:10.14201/gredos.128430
Benefits and Adverses Effects of Testosterone Therapy
Costa, E. M. F., Amato, L. G. L., & Silveira, L. F. G. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-46086-4_13
Ide, H., Kanayama, M., & Horie, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-4376-5_13
Fui, M. N. T., & Mark, A. (2017) · Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)
Effects of testosterone levels on mortality and cardiovascular risk in men with Type 2 diabetes
Muraleedharan, V. (2018) · White Rose eTheses Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York)
Astapovskiy, A. A., Bagdasaryan, A. A., Arefev, K. I., Serebrova, S. Y., Ших, Е. В., & Drozdov, V. N. (2020) · Diabetes Mellitus · doi:10.14341/dm11274
Mitkov, M., & Nyagolova, P. (2019) · Journal of Metabolic Syndrome
Antonič, K. G. (2020) · Slovenian Medical Journal · doi:10.6016/zdravvestn.2921
TRASTORNOS DE LA FERTILIDAD EN EL HOMBRE CON DIABETES TIPO 1 Y 21
Pomares, M. L., Burruchaga, A., Ávila, P., Ré, M., Constanzo, P., Suárez, S., Dionisi, D., Maraschio, M., Méndez, J., Muratore, C., et al. (2014) · Revista de la Sociedad Argentina de Diabetes · doi:10.47196/diab.v48i3.188
Testosterone and the aging male: To treat or not to treat?
Baina, J. (2010)
The anti-inflammatory effects of testosterone on atherosclerosis
Bateman, L. (2020) · Sheffield Hallam University · doi:10.7190/shu-thesis-00351 · Cited by 1
(2010) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0b013e328339f31e
The Role of Testosterone in the Metabolic Syndrome in Men
Saad, F. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4471-4766-4_8
Self-citationRELATO DE CASO: HÉRNIA DIAFRAGMÁTICA CONGÊNITA EM ADOLESCENTE DE 13 ANOS
Gama, T. A. B., Júnior, A. A., & Pereira, M. M. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1502207108
Leite, L. R. B., Leite, H. N. F., & Caires, N. C. M. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1502207107
PANORAMA DA TUBERCULOSE E SEUS GRUPOS DE RISCOS NA REGIÃO CENTROOESTE
Maia, C. F. A., França, A. V., dos Santos, C. R. C., Lemos, P. C. O., Tavares, H. C., Voltan, A. R., & Neto, B. R. D. S. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1502207104
O PAPEL EFETIVO DA REPOSIÇÃO DE TESTOSTERONA NO CONTROLE DO DIABETES EM PACIENTES HIPOGONÁDICOS
Neto, A. R., Orlando, L. M., Algayer, G., Mattos, C. P., Vaz, A. C. J. M. D. S. L., Silva, T. F., Carvalho, A. L. P., de Souza, J. F., Cabral, D. S., Filho, F. H. D. A. F., et al. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1502207102
O TRATAMENTO DO HIPOTIREOIDISMO SUBCLÍNICO: A CONTROVÉRSIA
Rodigheri, E., de Morais, V. G., dos Santos, G. N. D. M., Soares, R. C. M., Filho, F. D. A., de Resende, N. M. P., Soares, S. C. M., Pereira, F. D. P., Mendes, L. Q., Oliveira, L. H. D., et al. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1502207103
VARIAÇÕES ANATÔMICAS DO PLEXO BRAQUIAL E SUAS POSSÍVEIS IMPLICAÇÕES CLÍNICAS E CIRURGICAS
Barbosa, A. B. M., Dantas, R. F., Souto, C. P., Ramalho, R. B. D., Macedo, F. N., Almeida, R. T. R., Villarim, A. C. S., Silva, J. D. C. E., da Silva, R. M. B., Galdino, D. M. D. C., et al. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.15022071016
RETINOPATIA HIPERTENSIVA: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Leorne, L. R., dos Santos, M. L., Machado, A. C. D. S. C., da Silva, E. H. O., Savelli, E. V. M., Ciraudo, F. D. M. L., Machado, H. H. C., Hecke, L. P. S., Bráz, M. D. C., Braga, R. D. O., et al. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.15022071011
PITIRÍASE LIQUENÓIDE, DERMATOSE INCOMUM – UM RELATO DE CASO
Silva, B. D. V., Jordão, J. A., da Silva, C. P., & dos Reis, R. T. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1502207106
RESSECÇÃO COLÔNICA E RETAL NÃO SINCRÔNICA POR ENDOMETRIOSE
Dias, A. B. B. S., de Araújo, A. G. D., Fonsêca, A. P., Ramalho, M. C. M., Correia, H. R., Nunes, E. N., Name, A. L. D. H., Miranda, J. Q. P., & Fernandes, A. R. N. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.15022071010
TRATAMENTO DE ÁREAS ENXERTADAS COM USO DE MEIOS TÓPICOS
Campelo, A. P. B. S., Borges, R. T., Saunders, D. D. O. M., Holanda, E. U., Dias, R. A., Cidrão, T. V., Nocrato, A. L., & Campelo, M. W. S. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.15022071012
PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO DOS PARTICIPANTES DE AÇÃO SOCIAL NA PARAÍBA
Dias, A. B. B. S., de Araújo, A. G. D., Fonsêca, A. P., Ramalho, M. C. M., Correia, H. R., Nunes, E. N., Name, A. L. D. H., Miranda, J. Q. P., & Fernandes, A. R. N. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1502207105
TRIAGEM NUTRICIONAL EM PACIENTES PEDIÁTRICOS HOSPITALIZADOS
Correia, L. D. A., Costa, F. P. M., & de Araújo, J. O. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.15022071013
Porto, M. E. M. P., de Arruda, A. M., & Baquit, M. P. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.1502207109
TUBERCULOSE DISSEMINADA EM PACIENTE IMUNOCOMPETENTE: RELATO DE CASO
Assis, M. C., Pessoa, R. A., & Fonseca, M. S. M. (2022) · doi:10.22533/at.ed.15022071014
Benefits and Adverse Events of Testosterone Therapy
Costa, E. M. F., Amato, L. G. L., & Silveira, L. F. G. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31501-5_16
ASSOCIATION OF TROPONINS WITH SEX HORMONES IN STABLE HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS
Mohammed, D., & Ibrahim, T. (2023) · Journal of Sulaimani Medical College · doi:10.17656/jsmc.10406
Obesity associated hypogonadism—a growing concern in metabolic syndrome
Majumdar, S., Jacob, J. J., & Jude, E. B. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85732-1.00054-2 · Cited by 1
Olopade, O. B., Odeniyi, I. A., Adejumobi Sekinat, A., Ijeh Ifeyinwa, N., Fasanmade, O. A., & Atul, K. (2024) · International Archives of Endocrinology Clinical Research · doi:10.23937/2572-407x.1510036
Vor- und Nachteile der Testosterontherapie
Costa, E. M. F., Amato, L. G. L., & Silveira, L. F. G. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65245-5_16
Hypogonadism in Men with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
Dhindsa, S., Ghanim, H., & Dandona, P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-89650-7_18
Testosterone Deficiency Syndrome
Meryn, S. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-45018-5_10
Bagheri, P., Khalili, D., Seif, M., & Rezaianzadeh, A. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14266930
The Plasma Glycome Differences Between Women with PCOS and Healthy Controls
Holman, M., Li, S. J., Ahern, M. M., Ruhaak, L. R., Karakas, S., & Krishnan, S. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27052350 · Cited by 1
Saffati, G., Riveros, C. A., Obuekwe, O., Howell, S., Deebel, N. A., Kohn, T. P., & Muthigi, A. (2026) · International Journal of Impotence Research · doi:10.1038/s41443-026-01292-x
Wazir, N., Khan, S., & Ubaid, M. (2026) · Journal of Postgraduate Medical Institute · doi:10.54079/jpmi.40.2.3516
Ntais, C., Vantarakis, A., & Chatziprodromidou, I. P. (2026) · Medical Sciences · doi:10.3390/medsci14030418
Hashimi, M. A., Ho, C. C. K., & Kadıoğlu, A. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-29112-7_16
Yang, L., He, X., Wang, S., Li, T., Huang, W., & Feng, Q. (2026) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1093/jsxmed/qdag272
Monroe, M. N., Curylo, A. L., Amirkhosravi, F., Huitron, E. I. G., Ezeokeke, G. I., Ojediran, I. G., Wang, J. K., Cremer, S. E., & Grande-Allen, K. J. (2026) · Cardiovascular Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1007/s13239-026-00859-5
Menafra, D., de Angelis, C., Garifalos, F., Chiodini, P., Verde, N., Piscopo, M., Galdiero, G., Fraia, D. A. D., Mazzarella, A., Paola, N. D., et al. (2026) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-026-03037-5
Metadata
- Authors
- Heufelder, A. E., Saad, F., Bunck, M. C., & Gooren, L.
- Affiliations
- Bayer (Germany) (DE)
- Gulf Medical University (AE)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Gooren, Louis
- Venue
- Journal of Andrology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-11-12
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 726-733
- ISSN
- 0196-3635 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-4640
- OpenAlex
- W2132592917
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 18.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Andrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- transdermal testosterone, hypogonadism, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, diet and exercise, glycemic control, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, newly diagnosed diabetes, testosterone gel
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Testosterone, Triglycerides, Exercise, Metabolic Syndrome, Waist Circumference
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
