Cited by 472Hormonal and reproductive studiesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsSperm and Testicular Function

Relationship Between Testosterone Levels, Insulin Sensitivity, and Mitochondrial Function in Men

Pitteloud, Nelly, Mootha, Vamsi K., Dwyer, Andrew A., Hardin, Megan, Lee, Hang, Eriksson, Karl-Fredrik, Tripathy, Devjit, Yialamas, Maria +3 more·2005·Diabetes Care

Abstract

OBJECTIVE— The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between serum testosterone levels and insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 60 men (mean age 60.5 ± 1.2 years) had a detailed hormonal and metabolic evaluation. Insulin sensitivity was measured using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring maximal aerobic capacity (Vo2max) and expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes in skeletal muscle. RESULTS—A total of 45% of subjects had normal glucose tolerance, 20% had impaired glucose tolerance, and 35% had type 2 diabetes. Testosterone levels were positively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.4, P < 0.005). Subjects with hypogonadal testosterone levels (n = 10) had a BMI >25 kg/m2 and a threefold higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome than their eugonadal counterparts (n = 50); this relationship held true after adjusting for age and sex hormone–binding globulin but not BMI. Testosterone levels also correlated with Vo2max (r = 0.43, P < 0.05) and oxidative phosphorylation gene expression (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—These data indicate that low serum testosterone levels are associated with an adverse metabolic profile and suggest a novel unifying mechanism for the previously independent observations that low testosterone levels and impaired mitochondrial function promote insulin resistance in men.

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Crossref · 10.2337/diacare.28.7.1636

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Authors
Pitteloud, N., Mootha, V. K., Dwyer, A. A., Hardin, M., Lee, H., Eriksson, K.-F., Tripathy, D., Yialamas, M., Groop, L., Elahi, D., & Hayes, F. J.
Affiliations
  • Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
  • Broad Institute (US)
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Lund University (SE)
  • University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
Venue
Diabetes Care
Published
2005-07-01
Volume
28
Issue
7
Pages
1636-1642
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
OpenAlex
W2125468251
Cited by
472
References
62
Citations by year
2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 20
FWCI
13.24
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • National Institutes of Health (5k23dk002858-04, 5r03dk064276-02)
  • National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R03-DK064276-01, K23 DK 02858-04)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR001066, M01-RR01066)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
Keywords
testosterone, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, mitochondrial function, oxidative phosphorylation, skeletal muscle, cardiorespiratory fitness, hypogonadism, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, men, sex hormone-binding globulin
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Oxygen, Oxygen Consumption, Partial Pressure, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Glucose Clamp Technique, Glucose Intolerance

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