Relationship Between Testosterone Levels, Insulin Sensitivity, and Mitochondrial Function in Men
Abstract
OBJECTIVE— The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between serum testosterone levels and insulin sensitivity and mitochondrial function in men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 60 men (mean age 60.5 ± 1.2 years) had a detailed hormonal and metabolic evaluation. Insulin sensitivity was measured using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Mitochondrial function was assessed by measuring maximal aerobic capacity (Vo2max) and expression of oxidative phosphorylation genes in skeletal muscle. RESULTS—A total of 45% of subjects had normal glucose tolerance, 20% had impaired glucose tolerance, and 35% had type 2 diabetes. Testosterone levels were positively correlated with insulin sensitivity (r = 0.4, P < 0.005). Subjects with hypogonadal testosterone levels (n = 10) had a BMI >25 kg/m2 and a threefold higher prevalence of the metabolic syndrome than their eugonadal counterparts (n = 50); this relationship held true after adjusting for age and sex hormone–binding globulin but not BMI. Testosterone levels also correlated with Vo2max (r = 0.43, P < 0.05) and oxidative phosphorylation gene expression (r = 0.57, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS—These data indicate that low serum testosterone levels are associated with an adverse metabolic profile and suggest a novel unifying mechanism for the previously independent observations that low testosterone levels and impaired mitochondrial function promote insulin resistance in men.
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Low serum testosterone levels are associated with an adverse metabolic profile.
“Low serum testosterone levels are associated with an adverse metabolic profile which may be explained by the observation that low testosterone levels and impaired mitochondrial function promote insulin resistance in men (48).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [48]
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Cao, J., Li, J., Hao, W., Li, X., Wang, H., Liu, L., Zhu, B., & Guo, Z. (2011) · The Aging Male · doi:10.3109/13685538.2011.575479 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Prenatal Testosterone Exposure Disrupts Insulin Secretion and Promotes Insulin Resistance
Carrasco, A., Recabarren, M. P., Rojas-García, P. P., Gutiérrez, M., Morales, K., Sir-Petermann, T., & Recabarren, S. E. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-57197-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Pitteloud, N., Mootha, V. K., Dwyer, A. A., Hardin, M., Lee, H., Eriksson, K.-F., Tripathy, D., Yialamas, M., Groop, L., Elahi, D., & Hayes, F. J.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Lund University (SE)
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Diabetes Care
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2005-07-01
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1636-1642
- ISSN
- 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
- 1935-5548
- OpenAlex
- W2125468251
- Semantic Scholar
- 73a3e3203fe419597f95d9ce80c8f008dcca106c
- Cited by
- 472
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 32 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 13.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Institutes of Health (5k23dk002858-04, 5r03dk064276-02)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R03-DK064276-01, K23 DK 02858-04)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR001066, M01-RR01066)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- testosterone, insulin sensitivity, insulin resistance, mitochondrial function, oxidative phosphorylation, skeletal muscle, cardiorespiratory fitness, hypogonadism, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance, men, sex hormone-binding globulin
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Mitochondria, Oxidative Phosphorylation, Oxygen, Oxygen Consumption, Partial Pressure, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Glucose Clamp Technique, Glucose Intolerance
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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