The DOI matches its Crossref record; 26 of the 26 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fifty‐ two—Week Treatment With Diet and Exercise Plus Transdermal Testosterone Reverses the Metabolic Syndrome and Improves Glycemic Control in Men With Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes and Subnormal Plasma Testosterone
Abstract
ABSTRACT: Men with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) often have low testosterone levels. Elevating low testosterone levels may improve features of the MetS and glycemic control. In a single blind, 52‐week randomized clinical trial, the effects of supervised diet and exercise (D&E) with or without transdermal testosterone administration on components of the MetS in hypogonadal men with the MetS and newly diagnosed T2D were assessed. A total of 32 hypogonadal men (total testosterone <12.0 nmol/L) with newly diagnosed T2D and with the MetS as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation received supervised D&E, but 16 received it in combination with testosterone gel (50 mg) once daily (n = 16). No glucose‐lowering agents were administered prior to or during the study period. Outcome measures were components of the MetS as defined by the Adult Treatment Panel III and the International Diabetes Federation. Serum testosterone, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c), fasting plasma glucose, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations, and the waist circumference improved in both treatment groups after 52 weeks of treatment. Addition of testosterone significantly further improved these measures compared with D&E alone. All D&E plus testosterone patients reached the HbA 1c goal of less than 7.0%; 87.5% of them reached an HbA 1c of less than 6.5%. Based on Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, 81.3% of the patients randomized to D&E plus testosterone no longer matched the criteria of the MetS, whereas 31.3% of the D&E alone participants did. Additionally, testosterone treatment improved insulin sensitivity, adiponectin, and high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein. Addition of testosterone to supervised D&E results in greater therapeutic improvements of glycemic control and reverses the MetS after 52 weeks of treatment in hypogonadal patients with the MetS and newly diagnosed T2D.
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In the citing paper
“While a small, uncontrolled study found that testosterone treatment augmented the reductions in central adiposity and insulin resistance achieved with lifestyle;118”
From Lowered testosterone in male obesity: Mechanisms, morbidity and management (2014) · cites this paper as [118]
In the citing paper
“The addition of testosterone gel to the lifestyle changes resulted in greater improvements of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity [22].”
From Treatment of Men with Central Hypogonadism: Alternatives for Testosterone Replacement Therapy (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Heufelder et al. found that a lifestyle intervention (supervised diet and exercise) during 52 weeks significantly improved testosterone concentrations and glycemic control in 16 hypogonadal men with metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.”
From Treatment of Men with Central Hypogonadism: Alternatives for Testosterone Replacement Therapy (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Heufelder et al. found that a lifestyle intervention (supervised diet and exercise) during 52 weeks significantly improved testosterone concentrations and glycemic control in 16 hypogonadal men with metabolic syndrome and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.”
From Treatment of Men with Central Hypogonadism: Alternatives for Testosterone Replacement Therapy (2020) · cites this paper as [22]
In the citing paper
“Insulin sensitivity may improve within few days, but effects on glycemic control become evident only after 3–12 months.”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“An increase was found to occur after 3 months increasing further during 12 months (43), after 6 months, (35) or close to 1 year (44). Continuous increase was observed over 24 months (32).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“A decline in HbA1c was observed after 3 months (31, 36, 43) with further decrease after 12 months (43).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Several studies indicate that upon testosterone administration, serum glucose is reduced after 3 months in men with impaired glucose tolerance (31, 36, 43).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“A decrease in serum proinsulin and insulin was noted after 3 months (43) or 6 months (45), and a decrease in homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) after 3 months (36) or 6 months (45–47).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“A decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP) was observed after 3 weeks (63) and in other studies after 3 months (32, 43).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Other studies have found a rise of PSA levels after 3 months (40), some only after 12 months (43).”
From Onset of effects of testosterone treatment and time span until maximum effects are achieved (2011) · cites this paper as [43]
In the citing paper
“Only few studies to date reported that combination of TRT and LSM is superior to LSM alone in increasing insulin sensitivity, glycemic control, muscle mass and reducing liver fat (4, 5).”
From Effects of liraglutide on obesity-associated functional hypogonadism in men (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“A compelling number of clinical studies demonstrated that TRT led to improvement in glycemic control and insulin sensitivity (4, 5, 37, 42), whereas some failed to confirm these observations (43).”
From Effects of liraglutide on obesity-associated functional hypogonadism in men (2019) · cites this paper as [4]
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Heufelder, A. E., Saad, F., Bunck, M. C., & Gooren, L.
- Affiliations
- Bayer (Germany) (DE)
- Gulf Medical University (AE)
- Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Gooren, Louis
- Venue
- Journal of Andrology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-11-12
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 726-733
- ISSN
- 0196-3635 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-4640
- OpenAlex
- W2132592917
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 18.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Andrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Keywords
- transdermal testosterone, hypogonadism, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, diet and exercise, glycemic control, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, adiponectin, C-reactive protein, newly diagnosed diabetes, testosterone gel
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Cutaneous, Adult, Blood Glucose, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Cholesterol, HDL, Male, Testosterone, Triglycerides, Exercise, Metabolic Syndrome, Waist Circumference
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