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Cited by 68Sports Performance and TrainingMuscle metabolism and nutritionThermoregulation and physiological responses

Effect of Mouth-Rinsing Carbohydrate Solutions on Endurance Performance

Rollo, Ian, Williams, Clyde·2011·Sports Medicine
DOI 10.2165/11588730-000000000-00000
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Abstract

Ingesting carbohydrate-electrolyte solutions during exercise has been reported to benefit self-paced time-trial performance. The mechanism responsible for this ergogenic effect is unclear. For example, during short duration (≤1 hour), intense (>70% maximal oxygen consumption) exercise, euglycaemia is rarely challenged and adequate muscle glycogen remains at the cessation of exercise. The absence of a clear metabolic explanation has led authors to speculate that ingesting carbohydrate solutions during exercise may have a 'non-metabolic' or 'central effect' on endurance performance. This hypothesis has been explored by studies investigating the performance responses of subjects when carbohydrate solutions are mouth rinsed during exercise. The solution is expectorated before ingestion, thus removing the provision of carbohydrate to the peripheral circulation. Studies using this method have reported that simply having carbohydrate in the mouth is associated with improvements in endurance performance. However, the performance response appears to be dependent upon the pre-exercise nutritional status of the subject. Furthermore, the ability to identify a central effect of a carbohydrate mouth rinse maybe affected by the protocol used to assess its impact on performance. Studies using functional MRI and transcranial stimulation have provided evidence that carbohydrate in the mouth stimulates reward centres in the brain and increases corticomotor excitability, respectively. However, further research is needed to determine whether the central effects of mouth-rinsing carbohydrates, which have been seen at rest and during fatiguing exercise, are responsible for improved endurance performance.

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Crossref · 10.2165/11588730-000000000-00000

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  • Caffeinated chewing gums have become commercially available and have been associated with significantly faster absorption times when compared to a traditional pill-based administration modality.

    “In the last decade, caffeinated chewing gums have become commercially available and have been associated with significantly faster absorption times when compared to a traditional pill-based administration modality 75 .”

    From Half-time strategies to enhance second-half performance in team-sports players: A review and recommendations (2015) · cites this paper as [75]

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Authors
Rollo, I., & Williams, C.
Affiliations
Loughborough University (GB)
Corresponding author
Rollo, Ian
ORCID
Rollo, Ian
Venue
Sports Medicine
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2011-06
Volume
41
Issue
6
Pages
449-461
ISSN
0112-1642 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.2165/11588730-000000000-00000
OpenAlex
W2060079194
Cited by
68
References
63
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 5
FWCI
1.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
Keywords
mouthwash, carbohydrate solutions, endurance performance, ergogenic aids, corticomotor excitability, exercise fatigue, carbohydrate-electrolyte solution
MeSH terms
Beverages, Dietary Carbohydrates, Electrolytes, Physical Exertion, Humans, Mouth, Physical Endurance, Taste, Exercise

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