Development of a highly specific and productive process for n-caproic acid production: applying lessons from methanogenic microbiomes
Abstract
High productivity and specificity in anaerobic digesters arise because complex microbiomes organize into a metabolic cascade to maximize energy recovery and to utilize the advantage that the gaseous end product methane freely bubbles out of the system. These lessons were applied to ascertain whether a reactor microbiome could be shaped to produce a different end product. The liquid product n-caproic acid was chosen, which is a 6-carbon-chain carboxylic acid that is valuable and that has a relatively low maximum solubility concentration for product recovery. Acetoclastic methanogenesis was inhibited by pH control and a route was provided for n-caproic acid extraction by implementing selective, in-line recovery. Next, ethanol was supplemented to promote chain elongation, which is a pathway in which short-chain carboxylic acids are elongated sequentially into medium-chain carboxylic acids with two-carbon units derived from ethanol. The reactor microbiome developed accordingly with the terminal process catalyzed by chain-elongating bacteria. As a result, n-caproic acid production rates increased to levels comparable to anaerobic digestion systems for solid waste treatment.
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Techniques to inhibit acetoclastic methanogens include pH control and high H2 partial pressure, which is estimated to confer greater growth advantage to homoacetogens over hydrogenotrophic methanogens.
“Techniques to inhibit acetoclastic methanogens include pH control (Agler et al., 2014) and high H2 partial pressure, which is estimated to confer greater growth advantage to homoacetogens over hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Spirito et al., 2014).”
From Gas Fermentation—A Flexible Platform for Commercial Scale Production of Low-Carbon-Fuels and Chemicals from Waste and Renewable Feedstocks (2016) · cites this paper as Agler et al., 2014
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- Authors
- Agler, M. T., Spirito, C. M., Usack, J. G., Werner, J. J., & Angenent, L. T.
- Affiliations
- Max Planck Society (DE)
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Agler, M. T.
- Venue
- Water Science and Technology
- Publisher
- IWA Publishing
- Published
- 2013-10-25
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 62-68
- ISSN
- 0273-1223 (ISSN-L)
- 1996-9732
- OpenAlex
- W2039799386
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3
- FWCI
- 8.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Water Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Agriculture
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Microbial Fuel Cells and Bioremediation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Environmental Chemistry and Analysis
- Keywords
- acetoclastic methanogenesis, anaerobic digestion, ethanol supplementation, pH control, medium-chain carboxylic acids
- MeSH terms
- Anaerobiosis, Caproates, Refuse Disposal, Bioreactors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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