The pathogenic role of intestinal flora in IBD and colon cancer
Abstract
The intestine is populated by a large variety of microorganisms that colonize the host soon after birth. The gut microflora contributes to several intestinal functions, including the development of the mucosal immune system, the absorption of complex macromolecules, the synthesis of amino acids and vitamins and the protection against pathogenic microorganisms. Its composition varies along the different segments of the gut, with a gradient from the stomach to the colon where it is more abundant. Given the vital relationship between the microflora and the intestinal function, it is important that the microflora is kept continuously under control so to preserve gut homeostasis. When this is not achieved or perturbed, several immune disorders can arise, like allergies or inflammation. Protracted immune deregulations can also lead to severe disorders including diabetes, cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is therefore crucial that the immune system learns both to tolerate and to control the growth of beneficial microorganisms so to preserve the intestinal homeostasis. The mechanisms that are in place to achieve this control are not yet understood but recent work has started to unravel the complex relationship between several players including the microflora, intestinal barriers and immune cells. In this review we will analyze how the microflora interacts with the host and how deregulation of this interaction can lead to inflammatory disorders and eventually also to cancer.
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Leptin is preferentially expressed and secreted by subcutaneous adipose tissue, while adiponectin, visfatin, omentin, resistin, PAI-1, IL-8, IL-7, IL-1a, MCP-1, TGF-b, growth-related oncogene, CCL5 and MIP-1b are expressed more in abdominal fat.
“Thus, leptin is preferentially expressed and secreted by subcutaneous adipose tissue (52) , while the expression of adiponectin, visfatin, omentin, resistin, PAI-1, IL-8, IL-7, IL-1a, MCP-1, TGF-b, growth-related oncogena, CCL5 and MIP-1b is higher in abdominal fat.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [58]
IL-6 and TNF-a appear to be synthesised equally by different adipose tissue sites.
“In contrast to such distributions, there are reports that IL-6 and TNF-a seem to be equally synthesised by the different sites (28,36,53 -59) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [58]
Adipokine secretion profiles differ between subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissues.
“In addition, the profile of adipokines produced is dissimilar between the subcutaneous and abdominal adipose tissues.”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [58]
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- Authors
- Rescigno, M.
- Venue
- Current Drug Targets
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2008-05-01
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 395-403
- ISSN
- 1389-4501 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981380968
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Drug Targets (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, inflammatory bowel disease, colon cancer, intestinal homeostasis, mucosal immunity, immune tolerance, intestinal barrier, dysbiosis, host-microbe interactions, intestinal inflammation
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Colonic Neoplasms, Homeostasis, Humans, Immune Tolerance, Intestinal Mucosa, Intestines, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Immunity, Mucosal, Probiotics
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