Engineering of nanoemulsions for drug delivery
Abstract
Nanoemulsions, usually spherical, are a group of dispersed particles used for pharmaceutical and biomedical aids and vehicles that show great promise for the future of cosmetics, diagnostics, drug therapies and biotechnologies. They exist in a wide variety of forms that are dictated by the particle components. Nanoemulsions are generally considered to be in the size range of less than and around 100 nm in diameter. The particles can exist as water-in-oil and oil-in-water forms, where the core of the particle is either water or oil, respectively. More complex variations also exist but these are often larger. The longer-term properties of the particle are dependent on the composition of the adsorbed material lying at the dispersed droplet interface with the dispersion medium. This has an impact on the partitioning and extraction of droplet contents. Thermodynamically stable particles are characterized by having a very low surface tension and this produces a very large surface area. Nanoemulsions can also include small meta-stable very small-scale emulsions; here the surface properties and chemistry can strongly influence behaviour. Processing, storage and formulation composition can also have an impact on the longevity of a pharmaceutical preparation. Some revolutionary new nanoemulsion droplets based on fluorinated compounds are finding a number of widespread biomedical roles and applications. Developments in nanoemulsion technology are likely to lead to a much greater use of this medium in future pharmaceuticals.
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Nanoemulsions can be formulated into dosage forms such as liquids, creams, gels, foams and sprays and can be administered by oral, parenteral, ocular and nasal routes.
“NEs can be formulated into different kinds of dosage forms like liquids, creams, gels, foams, sprays and so on, and can be administered by different routes including oral, parenteral and ocular, in addition to nasal [27].”
From Nanoemulsions for “Nose-to-Brain” Drug Delivery (2019) · cites this paper as [27]
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Do Nanomedicines Require Novel Safety Assessments to Ensure their Safety for Long-Term Human Use?
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“Liposomes and emulsions are generally produced as microstructures, but they can also be produced as nanostructures, and have been used to improve the dispersion (and efficacy) of mainly lipophilic compounds.([9]) Both types of structures are thought to pose no chronic adverse effects because these structures disintegr…”
Saleem, M., Deal, B., Nehl, E., Janjic, J. M., & Pollock, J. A. (2019) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-019-0762-y · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Block copolymer surface coverage on nanoparticles
Budijono, S. J., Russ, B., Saad, W., Adamson, D. H., & Prud’homme, R. K. (2010) · Colloids and Surfaces A Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects · doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.02.016 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Nanoemulsion containing caffeine for cellulite treatment: characterization and in vitro evaluation
Freire, T. B., Dario, M. F., Gil, O. M., de Oliveira, A. C., Neto, A. V., de Faria, D. L. A., Leite‐Silva, V. R., Baby, A. R., & Velasco, M. V. R. (2019) · Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences · doi:10.1590/s2175-97902019000218236 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“This characteristic indicated a probable nanometric droplet size due to the high light spreadability (Sarker, 2005).”
BackgroundSimion, V., Stan, D. L., Constantinescu, C. A., Deleanu, M., Dragan, E., Tucureanu, M. M., Gan, A., Butoi, E. D., Constantin, A. L., Mânduțeanu, I., et al. (2016) · Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/jphp.12513 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“Consequently, we designed LN to encapsulate efficiently the hydrophobic Cm (Cm-loaded nanoemulsions, CmLN) taking advantage of several features such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and the low cost of LN production.([22]) Based on previous studies,([23,24]) we coupled a peptide with nine residues of arginine (R9…”
MethodRodríguez-Burneo, N., Busquets, M. A., & Estelrich, J. (2017) · Nanomaterials · doi:10.3390/nano7070190 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Zhang, C. Y., Xiong, D., Sun, Y., Zhao, B., & Lin, W. (2014) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s69493 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“5,6 Recently, pH-response polymers, including the protonable group, such as polymeric micelles, 7–11 nanoparticles, 12–16 liquid emulsion, 17 and liposomes, 5,18–20 have been investigated to enhance antitumor efficiency with reduced side effects.”
Kudarha, R. R., Dhas, N. L., Pandey, A. P., Belgamwar, V. S., & Ige, P. P. (2014) · Pharmaceutical Development and Technology · doi:10.3109/10837450.2014.908305 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Reason for poor solubility of BCM at physiological pH is its high pKa value (12).”
BackgroundAdvances in nanocarriers as drug delivery systems in Chagas disease
Quijia, C. R., Azevedo, C. S., Charneau, S. O., Santana, J. M., Chorilli, M., Carneiro, M. L. B., & Bastos, I. M. D. (2019) · International Journal of Nanomedicine · doi:10.2147/ijn.s206109 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
“Different types of surfactants are used to stabilize the emulsion in order to prevent the dispersed phase from fusing in a macroscopic phase.(83) The advantage of these nanoemulsions is their mutual compatibility - solubility in aqueous media and the ability to protect drugs from hydrolysis and enzymatic degradation.”
BackgroundLima, L. A., Ferreira-Sá, P. S., Garcia, M. D. N., et al. (2021) · Industrial Crops and Products · doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113282 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Medical and dental applications of nanomedicines
Kavoosi, F., Modaresi, F., Sanaei, M., et al. (2018) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/apm.12890 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Emulsions, like liposomes, are used for improving the safety and efficacy of various compounds (11).”
BackgroundKinetics of the Change in Droplet Size during Nanoemulsion Formation
Gupta, A., Narsimhan, V., Hatton, T. A., & Doyle, P. S. (2016) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01862 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Dawre, S., & Maru, S. (2021) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119561 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Abadi, A. V. M., Karimi, E., Oskoueian, E., Mohammad, G. R. K. S., & Shafaei, N. (2022) · 3 Biotech · doi:10.1007/s13205-022-03117-2 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“Hematoxylin and eosin were utilized to stain the prepared samples as Cardiff et al. have described (Sarker 2005).”
Method
- Authors
- Sarker, D.
- Affiliations
- University of Brighton (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Sarker, Dipak
- ORCID
- Sarker, Dipak
- Venue
- Current Drug Delivery
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2005-10-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 297-310
- ISSN
- 1567-2018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2076616392
- Cited by
- 268
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 12.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Drug Delivery (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Brighton Repository (University of Brighton) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Proteins in Food Systems
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Surfactants and Colloidal Systems
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization
- Keywords
- nanoemulsions, drug delivery, water-in-oil emulsions, oil-in-water emulsions, droplet interface, surface tension, surface area, fluorinated compounds, emulsion stability, drug formulation, cosmetics, diagnostics
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Colloids, Drug Compounding, Emulsions, Humans, Technology, Pharmaceutical, Drug Delivery Systems, Nanotechnology, Nanotubes
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