The DOI matches its Crossref record; 10 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Microbial Efflux Systems and Inhibitors: Approaches to Drug Discovery and the Challenge of Clinical Implementation
Open accessAbstract
Conventional antimicrobials are increasingly ineffective due to the emergence of multidrug-resistance among pathogenic microorganisms. The need to overcome these deficiencies has triggered exploration for novel and unconventional approaches to controlling microbial infections. Multidrug efflux systems (MES) have been a profound obstacle in the successful deployment of antimicrobials. The discovery of small molecule efflux system blockers has been an active and rapidly expanding research discipline. A major theme in this platform involves efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) from natural sources. The discovery methodologies and the available number of natural EPI-chemotypes are increasing. Advances in our understanding of microbial physiology have shed light on a series of pathways and phenotypes where the role of efflux systems is pivotal. Complementing existing antimicrobial discovery platforms such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) with efflux inhibition is a subject under investigation. This core information is a stepping stone in the challenge of highlighting an effective drug development path for EPIs since the puzzle of clinical implementation remains unsolved. This review summarizes advances in the path of EPI discovery, discusses potential avenues of EPI implementation and development, and underlines the need for highly informative and comprehensive translational approaches.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Structure of P-Glycoprotein Reveals a Molecular Basis for Poly-Specific Drug Binding
Aller, S. G., Yu, J., Ward, A., Weng, Y., Chittaboina, S., Zhuo, R., Harrell, P. M., Trinh, Y. T., Zhang, Q., Urbatsch, I. L., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1168750 · Cited by 1,929
Clinically Relevant Chromosomally Encoded Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pumps in Bacteria
Piddock, L. J. V. (2006) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.19.2.382-402.2006 · Cited by 1,231
A nuclear receptor-like pathway regulating multidrug resistance in fungi
Thakur, J. K., Arthanari, H., Yang, F., Pan, S.-J., Fan, X., Breger, J., Frueh, D. P., Gulshan, K., Li, D. K., Mylonakis, E., et al. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature06836 · Cited by 343
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance: an update
Rodríguez-Martínez, J. M., Velasco, C., Pascual, Á., Cano, M. E., Martínez-Martínez, L., Martínez-Martínez, L., & Pascual, Á. (2011) · Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1007/s10156-010-0120-2 · Cited by 306
ABCG2-mediated transport of photosensitizers: Potential impact on photodynamic therapy
Robey, R. W., Steadman, K., Polgar, O., & Bates, S. E. (2005) · Cancer Biology & Therapy · doi:10.4161/cbt.4.2.1440 · Cited by 204
Takatsuka, Y., Chen, C., & Nikaido, H. (2010) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1001460107 · Cited by 196
Stermitz, F. R., Scriven, L. N., Tegos, G., & Lewis, K. (2002) · Planta Medica · doi:10.1055/s-2002-36347 · Cited by 114
Self-citationHolmes, A. R., Keniya, M. V., Ivnitski-Steele, I., Monk, B. C., Lamping, E., Sklar, L. A., & Cannon, R. D. (2012) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.05706-11 · Cited by 106
Holmes, A. R., Tsao, S., Ong, S., Lamping, E., Niimi, K., Monk, B. C., Niimi, M., Kaneko, A., Holland, B. R., Schmid, J., et al. (2006) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05357.x · Cited by 68
Fernandez, A., Lechardeur, D., Derré-Bobillot, A., Couvé, E., Gaudu, P., & Gruss, A. (2010) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1000860 · Cited by 65
Cited by
Bacterial multidrug efflux pumps: Mechanisms, physiology and pharmacological exploitations
Sun, J., Deng, Z., & Yan, A. (2014) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.090 · Cited by 746
Nair, V. G., Unnikrishnan, V. K., Muralidharan, N., Venkatathri, B. N. S., Lowrence, R. C., YBRD, R., Narbhavi, D., A, A., N, P., & Nagarajan, S. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-17404-4 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Kourtesi, C., Ball, A. R., Huang, Y.-Y., Jachak, S. M., Vera, D. M. A., Khondkar, P., Gibbons, S., Hamblin, M. R., & Tegos, G. P.
- Venue
- The Open Microbiology Journal
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2013-03-22
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 34-52
- ISSN
- 1874-2858 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2129819819
- Cited by
- 159
- References
- 10
- FWCI
- 7.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Microbial Efflux Systems and Inhibitors: Approaches to Drug Discovery and the Challenge of Clinical Implementation. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.2174/1874285801307010034
- The paper
- Kourtesi, C., Ball, A. R., Huang, Y.-Y., Jachak, S. M., Vera, D. M. A., Khondkar, P., Gibbons, S., Hamblin, M. R., & Tegos, G. P. (2013). Microbial Efflux Systems and Inhibitors: Approaches to Drug Discovery and the Challenge of Clinical Implementation. The Open Microbiology Journal. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874285801307010034
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
