The DOI matches its Crossref record; 260 of the 260 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Phasic Dopamine Release in Appetitive Behaviors and Drug Addiction
Open accessAbstract
Although dopamine is implicated in the development of addiction, it is unclear how specific dopamine release patterns are involved with drug seeking. Addictive drugs increase tonic dopamine levels on the order of minutes, as well as phasic dopamine release events that occur on a subsecond time scale. Phasic dopamine release is associated with the initiation of goal-directed behaviors, and has been shown to promote drug seeking. Prior experience with addictive drugs modulates the synaptic and intrinsic properties of dopamine neurons, affects the pattern of dopamine neuron firing and release, and alters dopamine-dependent behaviors related to drug addiction. In this review, we synthesize the known drug-dependent changes to the dopamine system along with the established functions of phasic dopamine release in order to provide a framework for conceptualizing the role of phasic dopamine release in drug addiction. Because drug addiction is commonly thought to involve changes in brain circuits important for natural reinforcement, we first present the role of phasic dopamine release in appetitive and goal-directed behaviors in the context of contemporary theories regarding the function of dopamine. Next, we discuss the known drug-induced changes to dopamine neurons and phasic release in both in vitro and in vivo preparations. Finally, we offer a simple model that chronic drug experience increases the contrast, or 'signal to noise', of phasic dopamine release to basal dopamine levels in response to drug-related stimuli, which could result in aberrant associations between cues and reinforcers that contribute to the development of addiction.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The cholinergic system exerts a profound effect on DAergic activity as ACh released in the VTA promotes the switch between tonic and phasic activity in DAergic neurons that signals reward and salience [38, 39].”
From Mechanistic insights into nicotine withdrawal (2011) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“Overall, it appears that the rewarding and conditioning effects of drugs are predominantly driven by phasic DA cell firing, which result in large and transient DA increases, in contrast to the downstream changes in executive function that occur in addiction that are linked with changes in tonic DA cell firing, which result in lower and more stable DA levels (Grace 2000;Wanat et al 2009).”
From Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction (2011) · cites this paper as Wanat et al 2009
In the citing paper
“in contrast to the downstream changes in executive function that occur in addiction that are linked with changes in tonic DA cell firing, which result in lower and more stable DA levels (Grace 2000;Wanat et al 2009).”
From Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction (2011) · cites this paper as Wanat et al 2009
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Items 201–260 of 260
Termorshuizen, F., Krol, A., Prins, M., Geskus, R. B., van den Brink, W., & van Ameijden, E. J. C. (2005) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2005.01.013 · Cited by 104
Hopf, F. W., Martín, M., Chen, B. T., Bowers, M. S., Mohamedi, M. L., & Bonci, A. (2007) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00824.2007 · Cited by 103
Impulse activity of midbrain dopamine neurons modulates drug-seeking behavior
Marinelli, M., Cooper, D., Baker, L. K., & White, F. J. (2003) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-003-1491-1 · Cited by 100
Theile, J. W., Morikawa, H., Gonzales, R. A., & Morrisett, R. A. (2008) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00665.x · Cited by 100
Gallegos, R. A., Lee, R., Criado, J. R., Henriksen, S. J., & Steffensen, S. C. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 99
Wang, F., Chen, H., Steketee, J. D., & Sharp, B. M. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301033 · Cited by 97
Chronic cocaine alters limbic extracellular dopamine. Neurochemical basis for addiction
Impérato, A., Mele, A., Scrocco, M. G., & Puglisi‐Allegra, S. (1992) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(92)90349-9 · Cited by 97
Cass, W. A., Gerhardt, G. A., Gillespie, K., Curella, P., Mayfield, R., & Zahniser, N. (1993) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb03565.x · Cited by 96
Effects of chronic alcohol exposure on dopamine uptake in rat nucleus accumbens and caudate putamen
Budygin, E. A., Oleson, E. B., Mathews, T. A., Läck, A. K., Diaz, M. R., McCool, B. A., & Jones, S. R. (2007) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-007-0812-1 · Cited by 87
Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Depletions and Time-Constrained Progressive Ratio Performance
Hamill, S., Trevitt, J. T., Nowend, K. L., Carlson, B. B., & Salamone, J. D. (1999) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00092-1 · Cited by 82
No Effect of Morphine on Ventral Tegmental Dopamine Neurons during Withdrawal
Georges, F. E., Moine, C. L., & Aston‐Jones, G. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5032-05.2006 · Cited by 79
Pilotte, N. S., Sharpe, L. G., & Kuhar, M. J. (1994) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)38838-5 · Cited by 78
Faleiro, L. J., Jones, S., & Kauer, J. A. (2004) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300495 · Cited by 77
Cheer, J. F., Marsden, C. A., Kendall, D. A., & Mason, R. J. (2000) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00241-4 · Cited by 77
Koyama, S., Brodie, M. S., & Appel, S. B. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00270.2006 · Cited by 77
Robinson, T. E., & Camp, D. M. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 75
Shen, R., & Chiodo, L. A. (1993) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(93)90831-7 · Cited by 73
Kuczenski, R. T., Segal, D. S., & Todd, P. K. (1997) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050445 · Cited by 72
Canavier, C. C., & Landry, R. S. (2006) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00704.2006 · Cited by 69
Brodie, M. S., & Appel, S. B. (2000) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04658.x · Cited by 69
Phasic Dopamine Signaling During Behavior, Reward, and Disease States
Wightman, R., & Heien, M. (2006) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152706784111605 · Cited by 68 · cited 1×
“FSCV can be employed to record dopamine release in awake, behaving rodents [59-61], and is capable of detecting changes in dopamine levels that occur in the range of 0.”
Budygin, E. A., Phillips, P. E. M., Wightman, R. M., et al. (2001) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.1101 · Cited by 67
Self-citationKamata, K., & Rebec, G. V. (1984) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(84)90431-4 · Cited by 67
Excitatory actions of serotonin on GABAergic neurons of the medial septum and diagonal band of broca
Alreja, M. (1996) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199601)22:1 · Cited by 67
Impulse activity of ventral tegmental area neurons during heroin self-administration in rats
Kiyatkin, E. A., & Rebec, G. V. (2001) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(00)00492-9 · Cited by 66
Decreased activity of rat A10 dopamine neurons following withdrawal from repeated cocaine
Ackerman, J. M., & White, F. J. (1992) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0014-2999(92)90161-v · Cited by 61
Chefer, V. I., & Shippenberg, T. S. (2002) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00099-4 · Cited by 60
Gao, C., & Wolf, M. E. (2007) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2925-07.2007 · Cited by 57
Shen, R., Choong, K.-C., & Thompson, A. C. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.018 · Cited by 56
No role of the dopamine transporter in acute ethanol effects on striatal dopamine dynamics
Mathews, T. A., John, C. E., Lapa, G. B., et al. (2006) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20301 · Cited by 56
Middleton, L. S., Cass, W. A., & Dwoskin, L. P. (2004) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.103.055335 · Cited by 55
Enhanced conditioned inhibition following repeated pretreatment with d -amphetamine
Harmer, C. J., & Phillips, G. D. (1999) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130050870 · Cited by 54
Bailey, C. P., Manley, S. J., Watson, W. P., Wonnacott, S., Molleman, A., & Little, H. J. (1998) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(98)00654-4 · Cited by 54
Kaczmarek, H. J., & Kiefer, S. W. (2000) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00182-9 · Cited by 52
Kamata, K. (1983) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(83)90227-7 · Cited by 50
Wanat, M. J., Sparta, D. R., Hopf, F. W., Bowers, M. S., Melis, M., & Bonci, A. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.10.042 · Cited by 49
Self-citationCognitive processing of drug-related stimuli: the role of memory and attention
Weinstein, A. M., & Cox, W. M. (2006) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881106061116 · Cited by 48
Johnson, D. W., & Glick, S. D. (1993) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/0091-3057(93)90362-w · Cited by 46
Gao, W. (1998) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(97)00132-2 · Cited by 45
Amphetamine attenuates the stimulated release of dopamine in vivo.
Kuhr, W. G., Ewing, A. G., Near, J. A., & Wightman, R. M. (1985) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)20616-4 · Cited by 44
Decrease of ventral tegmental area dopamine neuronal activity in nicotine withdrawal rats
Liu, Z.-H., & Jin, W.-Q. (2004) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/01.wnr.0000126218.25235.b6 · Cited by 41
Depolarization inactivation of dopamine neurons: an artifact?
Mereu, G., Lilliu, V., Vargiu, P., Muntoni, A., Diana, M., & Gessa, G. L. (1995) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.15-02-01144.1995 · Cited by 40
Claye, L. H., Akunne, H. C., Davis, M. D., DeMattos, S., & Soliman, K. F. A. (1995) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/bf02740684 · Cited by 40
Meil, W. M., Roll, J. M., Grimm, J. W., Lynch, A. M., & See, R. E. (1995) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02245964 · Cited by 40
Venton, B. J., Robinson, T. E., Kennedy, R. T., & Maren, S. (2006) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2006.04841.x · Cited by 40
Kamata, K., & Rebec, G. V. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90691-7 · Cited by 39
Fà, M., Mereu, G., Ghiglieri, V., Meloni, A., Salis, P., & Gessa, G. L. (2003) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10177 · Cited by 39
Crippens, D., Camp, D. M., & Robinson, T. E. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90878-o · Cited by 38
Zhang, Y., Schlussman, S. D., Ho, A., et al. (2003) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.10251 · Cited by 37
Frank, S. T., Krumm, B., & Spanagel, R. (2008) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20489 · Cited by 35
Real-time dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens core during Pavlovian conditioning.
Sunsay, C., & Rebec, G. V. (2008) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.122.2.358 · Cited by 33
Hitri, A. (1996) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0893-133x(95)00090-z · Cited by 31
Windels, F., & Kiyatkin, E. A. (2006) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2006.02.064 · Cited by 27
Insights from recent positron emission tomographic studies of drug abuse and dependence
Chang, L., & Haning, W. (2006) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/01.yco.0000218594.46431.2f · Cited by 27
The effects of local application of ethanol in the n. accumbens on dopamine overflow and clearance
Samson, H. H., Hodge, C. W., Erickson, H. L., et al. (1997) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/s0741-8329(96)00216-9 · Cited by 27
Kiyatkin, E. A., & Rebec, G. V. (1997) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-199707280-00032 · Cited by 26
Williams, J. E., Wieczorek, W. J., Willner, P., et al. (1995) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(95)00188-v · Cited by 22
Wanat, M. J., & Bonci, A. (2008) · Synapse · doi:10.1002/syn.20546 · Cited by 21
Self-citationCLAY, L. H., MAZZIO, E. A., Kolta, M. G., et al. (1998) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb08249.x · Cited by 2
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Begleiter, H., Porjesz, B., Fowler, J. S., Telang, F., Wong, C., Ma, Y., Logan, J., Goldstein, R., et al. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.9.999 · Cited by 2
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Addiction: Beyond dopamine reward circuitry
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G.-J., Fowler, J. S., Tomasi, D., & Telang, F. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1010654108 · Cited by 959
Food and Drug Reward: Overlapping Circuits in Human Obesity and Addiction
Volkow, N. D., Wang, G. J., Fowler, J. S., Tomasi, D., & Baler, R. (2011) · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2011_169 · Cited by 525
Model-based and model-free Pavlovian reward learning: Revaluation, revision, and revelation
Dayan, P., & Berridge, K. C. (2014) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-014-0277-8 · Cited by 357
Natural rewards, neuroplasticity, and non-drug addictions
Olsen, C. M. (2011) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.03.010 · Cited by 339
An integrative perspective on the role of dopamine in schizophrenia
Maia, T. V., & Frank, M. J. (2017) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.05.021 · Cited by 293
Metadata
- Authors
- Wanat, M., Willuhn, I., Clark, J., & Phillips, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wanat, Matthew
- Venue
- Current Drug Abuse Reviewse
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2009-05-01
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 195-213
- ISSN
- 1874-4737 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2877500
- OpenAlex
- W2433064467
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 260
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 4.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Drug Abuse Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32AA009455, T32AA007455)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH079292)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (F32DA024540, R21DA021793)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- phasic dopamine release, drug addiction, drug-seeking behavior, appetitive behavior, goal-directed behavior, dopaminergic neurons, signal-to-noise ratio, natural reinforcement, chronic drug exposure
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Central Nervous System Depressants, Cues, Dopamine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Recurrence, Reinforcement, Psychology, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Substance-Related Disorders
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
