Cited by 177Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research

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Phasic Dopamine Release in Appetitive Behaviors and Drug Addiction

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Wanat, Matthew, Willuhn, Ingo, Clark, Jeremy, Phillips, Paul·2009·Current Drug Abuse Reviewse

DOI 10.2174/1874473710902020195PMC PMC2877500

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Abstract

Although dopamine is implicated in the development of addiction, it is unclear how specific dopamine release patterns are involved with drug seeking. Addictive drugs increase tonic dopamine levels on the order of minutes, as well as phasic dopamine release events that occur on a subsecond time scale. Phasic dopamine release is associated with the initiation of goal-directed behaviors, and has been shown to promote drug seeking. Prior experience with addictive drugs modulates the synaptic and intrinsic properties of dopamine neurons, affects the pattern of dopamine neuron firing and release, and alters dopamine-dependent behaviors related to drug addiction. In this review, we synthesize the known drug-dependent changes to the dopamine system along with the established functions of phasic dopamine release in order to provide a framework for conceptualizing the role of phasic dopamine release in drug addiction. Because drug addiction is commonly thought to involve changes in brain circuits important for natural reinforcement, we first present the role of phasic dopamine release in appetitive and goal-directed behaviors in the context of contemporary theories regarding the function of dopamine. Next, we discuss the known drug-induced changes to dopamine neurons and phasic release in both in vitro and in vivo preparations. Finally, we offer a simple model that chronic drug experience increases the contrast, or 'signal to noise', of phasic dopamine release to basal dopamine levels in response to drug-related stimuli, which could result in aberrant associations between cues and reinforcers that contribute to the development of addiction.

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Authors: Wanat, M., Willuhn, I., Clark, J., & Phillips, P.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Wanat, Matthew
ORCID: Wanat, Matthew
Willuhn, Ingo
Clark, Jeremy
Phillips, Paul
Venue: Current Drug Abuse Reviewse
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Published: 2009-05-01
Volume: 2
Issue: 2
Pages: 195-213
ISSN: 1874-4737 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2174/1874473710902020195
PMC: PMC2877500
OpenAlex: W2433064467
Cited by: 177
References: 260
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 19
FWCI: 4.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Current Drug Abuse Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (T32AA009455, T32AA007455)
National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH079292)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (F32DA024540, R21DA021793)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Keywords: phasic dopamine release, drug addiction, drug-seeking behavior, appetitive behavior, goal-directed behavior, dopaminergic neurons, signal-to-noise ratio, natural reinforcement, chronic drug exposure
MeSH terms: Animals, Appetitive Behavior, Central Nervous System Depressants, Cues, Dopamine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Humans, Recurrence, Reinforcement, Psychology, Substance Withdrawal Syndrome, Substance-Related Disorders

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Phasic Dopamine Release in Appetitive Behaviors and Drug Addiction

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