The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pathogen recognition by innate immunity and its signaling
Open accessAbstract
Mammalian immune response can be divided into innate and acquired immunity. Furthermore, much evidence has demonstrated that activation of innate immunity is a prerequisite to induction of acquired immunity. This paradigm shift has changed our thinking on the pathogenesis and treatment of infections, immune diseases, allergy, and cancers.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Airway epithelial cells rapidly recognize pathogens through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and intracellular viral sensors (3) (Fig. 2).”
From The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses (2011) · cites this paper as [3]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Pathogen Recognition and Innate Immunity
Akira, S., Uematsu, S., & Takeuchi, O. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.015 · Cited by 12,401
Self-citationDefective LPS Signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr Mice: Mutations in Tlr4 Gene
Poltorak, A., He, X., Smirnova, I., Liu, M.-Y., Huffel, C. V., Du, X., Birdwell, D., Alejos, E., Silva, M., Galanos, C., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.282.5396.2085 · Cited by 7,631
A Toll-like receptor recognizes bacterial DNA
Hemmi, H., Takeuchi, O., Kawai, T., Kaisho, T., Sato, S., Sanjo, H., Matsumoto, M., Hoshino, K., Wagner, H., Takeda, K., et al. (2000) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35047123 · Cited by 6,491
Self-citationA human homologue of the Drosophila Toll protein signals activation of adaptive immunity
Medzhitov, R., Preston-Hurlburt, P., & Janeway, C. A. J. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/41131 · Cited by 6,137
Recognition of double-stranded RNA and activation of NF-κB by Toll-like receptor 3
Alexopoulou, L., Holt, A. C., Medzhitov, R., & Flavell, R. A. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35099560 · Cited by 6,129
Lemaître, B., Nicolas, E., Michaut, L., Reichhart, J., & Hoffmann, J. A. (1996) · Cell · doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80172-5 · Cited by 4,224
Yoneyama, M., Kikuchi, M., Natsukawa, T., Shinobu, N., Imaizumi, T., Miyagishi, M., Taira, K., Akira, S., & Fujita, T. (2004) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/ni1087 · Cited by 4,022
Self-citationSpecies-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8
Heil, F., Hemmi, H., Hochrein, H., Ampenberger, F., Kirschning, C., Akira, S., Lipford, G., Wagner, H., & Bauer, S. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1093620 · Cited by 3,947
Self-citationDifferential roles of MDA5 and RIG-I helicases in the recognition of RNA viruses
Kato, H., Takeuchi, O., Sato, S., Yoneyama, M., Yamamoto, M., Matsui, K., Uematsu, S., Jung, A., Kawai, T., Ishii, K. J., et al. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04734 · Cited by 3,888
Self-citationTakeuchi, O., Hoshino, K., Kawai, T., Sanjo, H., Takada, H., Ogawa, T., Takeda, K., & Akira, S. (1999) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/s1074-7613(00)80119-3 · Cited by 3,680
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The airway epithelium: soldier in the fight against respiratory viruses
Vareille, M., Kieninger, E., Edwards, M. R., & Regamey, N. (2011) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.00014-10 · Cited by 655
International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Allergic Rhinitis
Wise, S. K., Lin, S. Y., Toskala, E., Orlandi, R. R., Akdis, C. A., Alt, J. A., Azar, A., Baroody, F. M., Bachert, C., Canonica, G. W., et al. (2018) · International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.22073 · Cited by 557
COVID-19: The Inflammation Link and the Role of Nutrition in Potential Mitigation
Zabetakis, I., Lordan, R., Norton, C., & Τσούπρας, Α. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12051466 · Cited by 553
International consensus statement on allergy and rhinology: Allergic rhinitis – 2023
Wise, S. K., Damask, C. C., Roland, L. T., Ebert, C. S., Levy, J. M., Lin, S. Y., Luong, A., Rodriguez, K., Sedaghat, A. R., Toskala, E. M., et al. (2023) · International Forum of Allergy & Rhinology · doi:10.1002/alr.23090 · Cited by 584
Cell-to-cell communication: microRNAs as hormones.
Bayraktar, R., Van Roosbroeck, K., & Calin, G. A. (2017) · Molecular Oncology · doi:10.1002/1878-0261.12144 · Cited by 361
Metadata
- Authors
- AKIRA, S.
- Affiliations
- Immunology Frontier Research Center, The University of Osaka (JP)
- Corresponding author
- AKIRA, Shizuo
- ORCID
- AKIRA, Shizuo
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B
- Publisher
- Japan Academy
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 143-156
- ISSN
- 0386-2208 (ISSN-L)
- 1349-2896
- PMC
- PMC3524297
- OpenAlex
- W2085055906
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › interferon and immune responses
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Invertebrate Immune Response Mechanisms
- Keywords
- pathogen recognition, innate immunity, adaptive immunity, infection, immune disorders, allergy, cancer
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibody Formation, Autoimmune Diseases, Bacterial Infections, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Immunity, Cellular, Immunity, Innate, Neoplasms, Virus Diseases, Signal Transduction, Cytokines, Antigen Presentation, Toll-Like Receptors, Host-Pathogen Interactions
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
