The DOI matches its Crossref record; 36 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Psychology Underlying Successful Retention Practices
Abstract
This article describes the psychological processes that lead to academic and social integration based on a retention model proposed by the authors (Bean & Eaton, 2000). It also describes how successful retention programs such as learning communities, freshman interest groups, tutoring, and orientation rely on psychological processes. Four psychological theories form the basis for our recommendations: attitude-behavior theory which provides the overall structure of the theoretical model, and coping behavioral (approach-avoidance) theory, self-efficacy theory, and attribution (locus of control) theory that lead to academic and social integration.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Bean and Eaton (2001) also found that the explicit instruction of study skills, time management, and resource utilization increased students' coping skills which can impact persistence and retention when students are faced with unexpected challenges.”
From Online or Face to Face? The Modality of a Learning Strategies Course and Impacts on Grades, GPA, Retention and Persistence for Developmental Students (2026) · cites this paper as Bean and Eaton (2001)
In the citing paper
“Similarly, Bean and Eaton (2001) found that students who spent time internally interacting with faculty, staff, and peers were more persistent than students who spent time invested externally with family, non-college friends, and external employers.”
From Online or Face to Face? The Modality of a Learning Strategies Course and Impacts on Grades, GPA, Retention and Persistence for Developmental Students (2026) · cites this paper as Bean and Eaton (2001)
In the citing paper
“Tinto (1975;2006) and Astin (1997Astin ( , 1999)), and Bean and Eaton's (2001) research on belonging dovetail here to support the concept that relationships are essential for increasing persistence.”
From Online or Face to Face? The Modality of a Learning Strategies Course and Impacts on Grades, GPA, Retention and Persistence for Developmental Students (2026) · cites this paper as Bean and Eaton (2001)
Citations
Cites
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835
(1975) · PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) · Cited by 36,737
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Rotter, J. B. (1966) · Psychological Monographs: General and Applied · doi:10.1037/h0092976 · Cited by 21,937
Dropout from Higher Education: A Theoretical Synthesis of Recent Research
Tinto, V. (1975) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.2307/1170024 · Cited by 7,888
Leaving College: Rethinking the Causes and Cures of Student Attrition
Bean, J. P., & Tinto, V. (1988) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.2307/1982243 · Cited by 7,408
Self-citationStudent Involvement: A Developmental Theory for Higher Education
Astin, A. W. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315051888-15 · Cited by 5,251
An Attributional Theory of Motivation and Emotion
Weiner, B. L. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4948-1 · Cited by 5,036
Brown, R. D., Pascarella, E. T., & Terenzini, P. T. (1992) · The Journal of Higher Education · doi:10.2307/1982025 · Cited by 3,470
Leaving College: Rethinking the Causes and Cures of Student Attrition
Schwartz, S. J., & Tinto, V. (1987) · Academe · doi:10.2307/40250027 · Cited by 2,774
Dropouts from higher education: An interdisciplinary review and synthesis
Spady, W. G. (1970) · Interchange · doi:10.1007/bf02214313 · Cited by 1,374
Research works printed but not linked: 13
- Astin A.W., 1984, Journal of College Student Personnel, 25, 297
- Barefoot B.O. & Gardner J. N. (1993). The freshman orientation seminar: Extending the benefits of traditional orientation. In Upcraft M. L. (Ed.), Designing successful transitions: A guide for orienting students to college. The Freshman Year Experience. Monograph Series Number 13, 141–153.
- Bean J. P., 2000, Reworking the departure puzzle: New theory and research on college student retention
- Braxton J. M., 2000, Reworking the departure puzzle: New theory and research on college student retention
- Bucklin R. W. & Bucklin M. L. (1970). The psychological characteristics of the college persister and the college leaver: A review. ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 049 709.
- Connor-Linton J., 1995, Michigan Journal of Community Service-Learning, 2, 105
- French J. R., 1974, Coping and adaptation, 316
- Hanley G., 1996, Journal of the Freshman Year Experience, 8, 47
- Kanoy K., 1996, Journal of the Freshman Year Experience & Students in Transition, 8, 7
- Markus G., 1993, Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 25, 410
- Sax L., 1997, Educational Record, 78, 25
- Schwitzer A. M., 1998, Journal of the Freshman Year Experience, 10, 31
- Yockey F., 1998, Journal of the First-Year Experience & Students in Transition, 10, 57
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 534
Dabney, R. M. (2012) · Digital Commons (Liberty University) · Cited by 1
A Study of Persistence in the Northeast State Community College Health-Related Programs of Study
Hamilton, A. R. (2011) · Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) · Cited by 1
Weintraub, D. S. (2020) · Knowledge studies in higher education · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-33350-8_3 · Cited by 1
Nester, L. A. (2016) · Digital Commons - East Tennessee State University (East Tennessee State University) · Cited by 1
Forming a Program: Technical and Logistical Issues
Straub, J., Marsh, R. A., & Whalen, D. J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-23645-2_6 · Cited by 1
How to Recruit and Retain Students using an Engineering Ambassador
Bates, J. S., Krapcho, K. J., & Orantes, C. (2020) · ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition · doi:10.18260/1-2--20568 · Cited by 1
Adams, S. M. (2017) · Digital Commons (Liberty University) · Cited by 1
Beck, M. E. (2017) · Digital Commons (Liberty University) · Cited by 1
African-American College Students: A Qualitative Study of Selected Factors Affecting Dropout
O'Neal, W. B. (2013) · Cited by 1
Utilizing the 4 P s Framework for Student Retention in Thai Private Universities
Asavisanu, P. (2017) · International Conference on Advances in Economics, Social Science and Human Behaviour Study (ESSHBS) · doi:10.15224/978-1-63248-137-5-29 · Cited by 1
Hammond, M. S. (2017) · Journal of The First-Year Experience & Students in Transition · doi:10.65005/154230717822029449 · Cited by 1
Bryan, B., & Hartsell, C. (2019) · Digital Commons (Liberty University) · Cited by 1
Lambert, R. J., & Mamiseishvili, K. (2019) · Journal of College Orientation Transition and Retention · doi:10.24926/jcotr.v21i1.2857 · Cited by 1
Predictive model for estimating internal transfer of Informatics Engineering students
Köhler, J., Robles, F.-A. B., & Jara, J. L. (2020) · International Conference of the Chilean Computer Science Society (SCCC) · doi:10.1109/sccc51225.2020.9281230 · Cited by 1
Hope as a Mediator between Professor-Student Rapport and Student Achievement
Wellington, A. M. (2021) · Digital Commons (Liberty University) · Cited by 1
Thambe, M. N., & Beer, J. J. D. (2021) · NWU education and human rights in diversity series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2021.bk204.06 · Cited by 1
der Bijl, A. V., & Gaffoor, A. (2021) · NWU education and human rights in diversity series · doi:10.4102/aosis.2021.bk204.04 · Cited by 1
Freeman-Butler, R. (2014) · Fisher Digital Publications (St. John Fisher College) · Cited by 1
Computer Science Students’ Perspectives on the Study of Mathematics
Bhaird, C. M. A., Mulligan, P., O’Malley, A. J., & O'Neill, R. (2022) · MSOR Connections · doi:10.21100/msor.v20i3.1323 · Cited by 1
Saat, A., Thani, S. M., Salihan, S., & Saliluddin, S. M. (2022) · Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences · doi:10.47836/mjmhs.18.s14.3 · Cited by 1
Idarraga, N. J. Á., Barrera, S. K. C., & Ramírez, R. Y. N. (2023) · Rastros Rostros · doi:10.16925/2382-4921.2024.01.12 · Cited by 1
Bostan, C. M., Apostol, A.-C., Andronic, R.-L., Stanciu, T., & Lupu, A. L. (2023) · Scientific Annals of the “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University, Iaşi. #TAB#New Series SOCIOLOGY AND SOCIAL WORK Section · doi:10.47743/asas-2023-2-747 · Cited by 1
Matchett, M. K. (2013) · Fisher Digital Publications (St. John Fisher College) · Cited by 1
Retaining College Students from the First to Second Year: A Case Study
LaRocca, C. K. T. (2015) · ScholarWorks @ The University of New Orleans (The University of New Orleans) · Cited by 1
Institutional Factors that Pertain to Commuter Student Success
Kenney, H. A. (2012) · University of North Florida Digital Commons (University of North Florida) · Cited by 1
Hills, F. W. (2010) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc33165 · Cited by 1
Opatz, L. J. (2013) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Lynn, A. (n.d.) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 1
Kampsen, A. (2009) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Swecker, H. K. (n.d.) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 1
Success stories of students after academic probation
Somo, C. M. (2014) · UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) · Cited by 1
Anwar, S., Bradt, P. T., Cavaliere, A. R., Diehl, J. D., Kory, W. B., Kumar, A., Kurt, R. A., Rosenfeld, L. M., Schnell, G. A., Schweighardt, F. K., et al. (2011) · Cited by 1
Community, Identity, and Transition: Student Veterans and Academic Writing at the Two-Year College
Blaauw-Hara, M. (2015) · ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University) · doi:10.25777/apvb-ds55 · Cited by 1
Student Perceptions of A Comprehensive Orientation Program for Online Courses
Robichaud, W. (2016) · ProQuest Demo Repository · Cited by 1
Benefits of faculty-student interactions toward degree completion for nontraditional-aged students
Tanous, H. (2015) · Digital Repository Service (Northeastern University) · doi:10.17760/d20209519 · Cited by 1
Espinosa, J. E. (2016) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 1
Understanding Community College Faculty Perceptions Of Their Role In Student Retention
Graham, J. (2017) · DUNE - DigitalUNE (University of New England) · Cited by 1
Coovert, C. (2017) · Louisiana State University · doi:10.31390/gradschool_dissertations.4316 · Cited by 1
Employers' Perceptions and Employment of Individuals with Disabilities
Rosemond, B. A. (2018) · ScholarWorks (Walden University) · Cited by 1
Feng, W. (2018) · TSpace (University of Toronto) · Cited by 1
Warren, K. D. (2020) · Seton Hall University eRepository (Seton Hall University) · Cited by 1
Enabling 'growth mindsets' in engineering students
Campbell, A. (2020) · Open University of Cape Town (University of Cape Town) · Cited by 1
Perrotti, C. (2021) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota) · Cited by 1
Peck, D. (2017) · San José State University ScholarWorks (San Jose State University) · doi:10.31979/etd.q7np-575h · Cited by 1
Longman, K. A. (2016) · Christian Higher Education · doi:10.1080/15363759.2016.1173452 · Cited by 1
Pitts, S. (2022) · The Research Repository @ WVU (West Virginia University) · doi:10.33915/etd.11263 · Cited by 1
Investigating Students’ Experiences of Transition within the Algerian Higher Education Context
Nedri, H. (2024) · doi:10.46289/7s5d9k7h · Cited by 1
Course selection theory and college transition seminars
Graff, C. G. (2011) · doi:10.17077/etd.icw3u9jo · Cited by 1
Educational support services increase student retention at a rural community college
Reid, J. D. (2011) · John Spoor Broome Library Institutional Repository (California State University) · Cited by 1
HOW UNDERGRADUATE WOMEN AT A PREDOMINANTLY WHITE INSTITUTION VIEW LEADERSHIP: A PHENOMENOLOGY
DuPre, C. P. (2011) · TigerPrints (Clemson University) · Cited by 1
Roche, J. (2017) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/33665969z4645z4e2bzabdfz97121c195918 · Cited by 1
Yearsley, S. (2026) · Liverpool John Moores University · doi:10.24377/ljmu.t.00028752 · Cited by 1
Challenges of Experienced Nurses in a Full-Time Online RN-BS Nursing Program
Goldammer, D. (2014) · ScholarWorks (Walden University)
Mena, S. B. (2013) · University Libraries (University of Maryland)
Inequitable achievement: Different admissions criteria, same predictors of degree attainment?
Avery, C. M. (2007) · eScholarship (California Digital Library)
A reality check : the expectations high school seniors have about their first year of college
Harke, B. R. (2009) · USF Scholarship Repository (University of San Francisco)
Hale, L. R. (2010) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc30461
Hamilton, S.-A. (2013) · FIU - Digital Commons (Florida International University) · doi:10.25148/etd.fi13120909
Noakes, M. (2011) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
Should I Stay or Should I Go: Roommate Satisfaction
Hale, K. M. (2011) · CommonKnowledge Research Repository (Pacific University Oregon)
Fuhriman, C. A. (2014) · ScholarWorks (Boise State University)
Understanding student engagement and transition
Mair, C., Sanders, L. D., & Street, R. (2014) · University of the Arts London Research Online (University of the Arts London)
Harshaw, C. E. (2009) · NC Digital Online Collection of Knowledge and Scholarship (The University of North Carolina at Greensboro)
Student engagement and the design of high-impact practices at community colleges
Hatch, D. K. (2013) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library)
Developing a Management Model and Performance Framework for Improving Student Retention
James, H. (2010) · Create (Canterbury Christ Church University)
Moriarty, S. K. (2008) · Scholarly Commons (University of the Pacific)
STUDENT ENGAGEMENT: USING THE NSSE BENCHMARKS TO INVESTIGATE LONGTERM PERSISTENCE
Chambers, S. R. (2009) · Montana State University ScholarWorks (Montana State University)
Ley, L. (2014) · Unisa Institutional Repository (University of South Africa)
Renninger, L. B., Austin, M., & Pugsley, K. (2005) · Indiana Magazine of History (Indiana University)
Modelling IT student retention at Taiwanese higher education institutions
Weng, F. (2011) · RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) · doi:10.25439/rmt.27354366
Latten, J. (2012) · ProQuest Demo Repository
Cortes, A. (2008) · The Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education and Research · doi:10.15394/jaaer.2008.1390
Gorman, R. L., & Gorman, R. L. (2005)
Contextual Factors and College Retention of Single Mothers
de Carvalho, J., & Colvin, A. D. (2014)
Riddle, C. L. (2015) · Aquila Digital Community (University of Southern Mississippi)
Patterson, D. R. (2013) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
The Jacksonville Commitment Scholars Program: Graduates’ Perceptions of Supports and Challenges
Powe, O. Y. (2015) · University of North Florida Digital Commons (University of North Florida)
Hammond, D. E. (2013) · K-State Research Exchange (Kansas State University)
Lambert, R. J. (2012) · Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
Mercado, M. (2012) · Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) · doi:10.17615/4ndv-m845
The Influence Of Student Engagement On Student Retention At A Midwest Urban Research Institution
Mallett, D. W. (2015) · Human Biology
INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL DUAL CREDIT ON STUDENT COLLEGE READINESS SELF-EFFICACY
Neely, A. L. (2013) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)
McPherson, R. (2012) · OakTrust (Texas A&M University Libraries)
Economic Concepts Retention of Students of UniversityPreprint
Tamayo, A. M., Guhao, E. S., & Salvador, L. (2015) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2579489
Hosseini, S. G., & Farrokhnejad, A. (2016) · Asian Social Science · doi:10.5539/ass.v12n4p102
The Effect of State Financial Aid Policies on College Completion
Ragland, S. E. (2016) · ScholarWorks (Walden University)
Esposito-Noy, C. (2013) · ProQuest Demo Repository
Hood, J. (2013) · ProQuest LLC eBooks
Positive Counseling with College Students
Butler, C. M., Watford, C., Burston, S. S., Morgan, J. P., & Carscaddon, D. M. (2016) · Digital Commons - Gardner-Webb University (Gardner–Webb University)
Okoli, S. M. (2016) · Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library (Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library)
Commitment and Consistency Can Promote Student Course Scheduling Effectiveness
Benfield, J. A., Bernstein, M. J., & Shultz, N. P. (2016) · NASPA Journal · doi:10.1080/19496591.2016.1194283
A Regression Analysis of a Local Freshman Interest Group Program at a Public University
Graham, F. C. (2016) · ScholarWorks (Walden University)
McGuire, M. (2015) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc801960
Perry, J. E. (2017) · VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)
Metadata
- Authors
- Bean, J., & Eaton, S. B.
- Affiliations
- Indiana University Bloomington (US)
- Northern Illinois University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory & Practice
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2001-05
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-89
- ISSN
- 1521-0251 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-4167
- OpenAlex
- W2160476973
- Cited by
- 464
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of College Student Retention Research Theory & Practice (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Education › Higher Education Research Studies
- Social Sciences › Education › Evasion and Academic Success Factors
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Career Development and Diversity
- Keywords
- student retention, college retention, academic integration, social integration, learning communities, tutoring, orientation programs, coping styles, self-efficacy, locus of control, attribution theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review