Autistic Traits Correlate with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: A Self-Selected Population Based Survey
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Chronic musculoskeletal pain is an increasingly frequent feature in young people. Many exhibit a range of additional physical and psychological features and fulfil criteria for fibromyalgia. Hypermobility, irritable bowel syndrome and migraine are frequent comorbid conditions. These are all in part mediated by dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system and commonly include fatigue, poor sleep and brain fog. Anxiety, social withdrawal and a range of autistic traits are frequently described by those with chronic musculoskeletal pain, and autistic people are over-represented among patients attending pain clinics. This study was designed to explore the correlation between the degree of pain and autistic traits described within a self-selected community-based population. The study used a nonexperimental, correlational design with data collected from a volunteer sample of 448 adults (aged 18-60) who completed online self-report questionnaires assessing each of autistic traits (RAADS-R score), fibromyalgia symptoms (ACR criteria) and hypermobility (Beighton’s test). Correlation analysis and linear regressions were used to test the relationships between each disorder. Data was analysed using parametric and non-parametric techniques to assess prevalence, strength and significance of relationships, causes of variance within populations and mediations. Our self-selected community population had a mean age of 24 years and was 77% female. The prevalence of significant autistic traits, fibromyalgia and hypermobility were all much greater than expected at 63.4%, 40.6% and 43.7% respectively. Those identifying as non-binary or trans had the highest rates. Fibromyalgia was significantly associated with autistic traits, with dysautonomia a stronger predictor than chronic pain. Regression analyses revealed hypermobility partially mediated the relationship between autistic traits and fibromyalgia. This is the first community study to provide evidence for a direct association between fibromyalgia and autistic traits. Although self-selected, the findings in our predominantly young female population confirm that these conditions are common and that those with autistic traits are at significantly increased risk of developing fibromyalgia, especially if they are hypermobile.
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According to Ryan et al. (2023), JH partially mediated the relationship between fibromyalgia and autistic traits.
“According to Ryan et al. (2023), JH partially mediated the relationship between fibromyalgia and autistic traits.”
From Autism in the context of joint hypermobility, hypermobility spectrum disorders, and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes: A systematic review and prevalence meta-analyses (2025) · cites this paper as Ryan et al. (2023)
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Self-citationGrant, S., Norton, S., & Hoekstra, R. A. (2025) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2024.0186
Resident Doctors Conference Abstracts
(2025) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.16654
Zhang, W., Chen, M., Huang, H., & Sheng, P. (2026) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.71246
Brice, S., Petrou, A., Hamilton, J., McConachie, H., Couteur, A. S. L., Ingham, B., Wilson, C., Hardy, R., Berney, T., Mason, D., et al. (2026) · Research in Autism · doi:10.1016/j.reia.2026.202963
Holmes, L. G., McKenney, E., Valvano, L., Wyka, K., Mueller, M., Orsini, A., & Rothman, E. F. (2026) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1177/25739581261496119
- Authors
- Ryan, L., Beer, H., Thomson, E., Philcox, E., & Kelly, C.
- Affiliations
- Newcastle University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Kelly, Clive
- Venue
- OBM Neurobiology
- Publisher
- LIDSEN Publishing Inc
- Published
- 2023-02-16
- Volume
- 07
- Issue
- 01
- Pages
- 1-21
- ISSN
- 2573-4407 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4321015039
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 15
- FWCI
- 5.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- OBM Neurobiology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- autistic traits, chronic musculoskeletal pain, fibromyalgia, joint hypermobility, autonomic dysfunction, comorbidities, young adults
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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