Effects of a Combination of Three-Dimensional Virtual Reality and Hands-on Horticultural Therapy on Institutionalized Older Adults’ Physical and Mental Health: Quasi-Experimental Design
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Abstract
Background: Institutionalized older adults have limited ability to engage in horticultural activities that can improve their physical and mental health. Objective: This study explored the effects of a combination of 3D virtual reality and horticultural therapy on institutionalized older adults’ physical and mental health. Methods: The study used a quasi-experimental design. A total of 106 older adults from 2 long-term care facilities were recruited and assigned to the experimental (n=59) or control (n=47) group. The experimental participants received a 9-week intervention. Both groups completed 3 assessments: at baseline, after the intervention, and 2 months later. The outcome variables included health status, meaning in life, perceived mattering, loneliness, and depression. Results: The experimental group demonstrated significantly improved health status (P<.001), meaning in life (P<.001), and perceived mattering (P<.001) as well as significantly reduced depression (P<.001) and loneliness (P<.001) compared to the control group immediately after the intervention; these effects persisted for up to 2 months. Conclusions: This study verified the beneficial effects of a combination of 3D virtual reality and hands-on horticultural therapy on older adults’ health. These results could support the future successful implementation of similar programs for institutionalized older adults on a larger scale.
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The neutral attitude of some older adults without prior experience with HMD-VR became more positive after they had support from champions and opportunities to try the HMD-VR device.
“The neutral attitude of some of the older adults without prior experience with Head Mounted Device (HMD)-VR became more positive after they had support from the champions and opportunities to try the HMD-VR device (Huygelier et al., 2019; T.-Y. Lin et al., 2020) .”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Using Virtual Reality and its Impact on Social Engagement in Aged Care Settings: A Scoping Review (2023) · cites this paper as T.-Y. Lin et al., 2020
The Discussion (General; page unavailable) says participants were unfamiliar with VR equipment and initially apprehensive, and that researchers used praise and encouragement to build confidence. The Methods (The Combination of 3D Virtual and Hands-on Horticultural Therapy; page unavailable) describes facilitators’ assistance and repeated opportunities to practice. The paper does not describe an initially neutral attitude, identify the helpers as “champions,” or report a measured shift to a more positive attitude toward HMD-VR. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWhen repeated in Taiwan, participants perceived improved health and meaning in life, as well as decreased loneliness and depression.
“When they repeated the study in Taiwan, the participants perceived improved health and meaning in life, as well as decreased loneliness and depression (T.-Y. Lin et al., 2020).”
From Facilitators and Barriers to Using Virtual Reality and its Impact on Social Engagement in Aged Care Settings: A Scoping Review (2023) · cites this paper as T.-Y. Lin et al., 2020
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- Authors
- Lin, T.-Y., Huang, C.-M., Hsu, H.-P., Liao, J.-Y., Cheng, V. Y.-W., Wang, S.-W., & Guo, J.-L.
- Affiliations
- Hsing Wu University (TW)
- National Yang Ming University (TW)
- National Health Research Institutes (TW)
- National Taiwan Normal University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Guo, Jong-Long
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Medical Internet Research
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2020-11-02
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- e19002
- ISSN
- 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7669444
- OpenAlex
- W3048460293
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 8.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST107-2511-H003-032)
- National Taiwan Normal University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Occupational Therapy › Occupational Therapy Practice and Research
- Social Sciences › Demography › Technology Use by Older Adults
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Keywords
- 3D virtual reality, horticultural therapy, institutionalized elderly, long-term care, physical health, mental health, depression, loneliness, meaning in life, perceived mattering, health status
- MeSH terms
- Virtual Reality, Aged, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Research Design, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Horticultural Therapy, Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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