The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Review and Evaluation of Mindfulness-Based iPhone Apps
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence for the positive impact of mindfulness on wellbeing. Mindfulness-based mobile apps may have potential as an alternative delivery medium for training. While there are hundreds of such apps, there is little information on their quality. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to conduct a systematic review of mindfulness-based iPhone mobile apps and to evaluate their quality using a recently-developed expert rating scale, the Mobile Application Rating Scale (MARS). It also aimed to describe features of selected high-quality mindfulness apps. METHODS: A search for "mindfulness" was conducted in iTunes and Google Apps Marketplace. Apps that provided mindfulness training and education were included. Those containing only reminders, timers or guided meditation tracks were excluded. An expert rater reviewed and rated app quality using the MARS engagement, functionality, visual aesthetics, information quality and subjective quality subscales. A second rater provided MARS ratings on 30% of the apps for inter-rater reliability purposes. RESULTS: The "mindfulness" search identified 700 apps. However, 94 were duplicates, 6 were not accessible and 40 were not in English. Of the remaining 560, 23 apps met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. The median MARS score was 3.2 (out of 5.0), which exceeded the minimum acceptable score (3.0). The Headspace app had the highest average score (4.0), followed by Smiling Mind (3.7), iMindfulness (3.5) and Mindfulness Daily (3.5). There was a high level of inter-rater reliability between the two MARS raters. CONCLUSIONS: Though many apps claim to be mindfulness-related, most were guided meditation apps, timers, or reminders. Very few had high ratings on the MARS subscales of visual aesthetics, engagement, functionality or information quality. Little evidence is available on the efficacy of the apps in developing mindfulness.
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“First, at the commencement of the study it held the highest Mobile Application Rating Scale42 rating of all available mindfulness apps.26”
From Randomized, wait-list–controlled pilot study of app-delivered mindfulness for patients reporting chronic pain (2021) · cites this paper as [26]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Smartphone-based meditation interventions have almost exclusively focused on mindfulness training [30,62], although several studies have investigated internet-based interventions that include connection-related practices [63-65].”
From Testing the efficacy of a multicomponent, self-guided, smartphone-based meditation app: Three-armed randomized controlled trial (2020) · cites this paper as [62]
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Citations
Cites
Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future
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Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future.
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Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00573-7 · Cited by 3,958
Mindfulness: Theoretical Foundations and Evidence for its Salutary Effects
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“Mindfulness has grown in popularity in the last two decades, and there is growing evidence for its positive impact on well-being [1,2].”
BackgroundMobile app rating scale: a new tool for assessing the quality of health mobile apps
Stoyanov, S. R., Hides, L., Kavanagh, D. J., Zelenko, O., Tjondronegoro, D., & Mani, M. (2015) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.3422 · Cited by 2,233
Self-citationMindfulness-based therapy: a comprehensive meta-analysis
Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Fortin, G., Masse, M., Therien, P., Bouchard, V., Chapleau, M.-A., Paquin, K., & Hofmann, S. G. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.05.005 · Cited by 2,003
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“The majority of mHealth apps developed to date have focused on physical health and lifestyle domains rather than mental health [38,39].”
BackgroundMindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2003) · Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7166.2003.tb04008.x · Cited by 1,394
Free, C., Phillips, G., Watson, L., Galli, L., Felix, L., Edwards, P., Patel, V., & Haines, A. (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001363 · Cited by 1,187
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- Burns, Jane M, 2010, Med J Aust, 192, S22
- Christensen, H, 2010, Med J Aust, 192, S53
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hollis, C., Falconer, C. J., Martin, J. L., Whittington, C., Stockton, S., Glazebrook, C., & Davies, E. B. (2017) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.12663 · Cited by 846
Torous, J., Nicholas, J., Larsen, M. E., Firth, J., & Christensen, H. (2018) · Evidence Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/eb-2018-102891 · Cited by 790
Development and validation of the user version of the Mobile application rating scale (uMARS)
Stoyanov, S. R., Hides, L., Kavanagh, D. J., & Wilson, H. (2016) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.5849 · Cited by 872
Firth, J., Torous, J., Nicholas, J., Carney, R., Rosenbaum, S., & Sarris, J. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.046 · Cited by 675
Goldberg, S. B., Riordan, K. M., Sun, S., & Davidson, R. J. (2022) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620968771 · Cited by 520
“Hundreds of smartphone applications offer mindfulness-related content (Mani et al., 2015).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Mani, M., Kavanagh, D. J., Hides, L., & Stoyanov, S. R.
- Affiliations
- Queensland University of Technology (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Mani, Madhavan
- Venue
- JMIR mHealth and uHealth
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2015-08-19
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- e82
- ISSN
- 2291-5222 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4705029
- OpenAlex
- W1748592323
- Cited by
- 495
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 65 · 2021: 65 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 59 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 45.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR mhealth and uhealth (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Faculty of Health; Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation
- Funders
- Australian Government
- Young and Well Cooperative Research Centre
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mobile Health and mHealth Applications
- Keywords
- mindfulness, mobile application, iOS app, app quality, Mobile App Rating Scale, expert ratings, guided meditation, headspace, inter-rater reliability, digital mental health interventions
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