The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 9 of the 47 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Prostate Cancer: Psychosocial Implications and Management
Open accessAbstract
This review summarizes some of the key psychosocial issues related to prostate cancer, both generally and for an older adult population. It focuses on three main areas: quality-of-life issues, psychosocial implications and management of these psychosocial issues. Broadly, the article presents information on the general background, screening guidelines, common side effects of treatment and current psychiatric and psychological management strategies in prostate cancer. The article addresses the clinical approaches, as well as the complexities that surface when deciding the treatment for patients with prostate cancer. Clinical and future implications are also discussed. © 2008 Future Medicine Ltd.
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Claims the paper makes
9 of 47 cited sources checked · 1 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“Recently, review articles discussing the side effects of androgen ablation therapy have stated that this treatment also impacts cognitive functioning [9, 11].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Psychological Reactions to Diagnosis, Treatment Selection, and Treatment
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [9]
- Supportedcites [11] source
The Abstract lists cognitive decline among the side effects of hormonal ablation therapy in men with prostate cancer. The Cognitive Decline section also reports decreased cognitive test scores in treatment groups but not in the monitoring group, while noting that evidence in men was still limited. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.91)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Though there may be considerable variations between the patients’ and urologists’ evaluation of performance status, pain, and pain relief [17], awareness and education about these problems as well as continued attempts to resolve them, or to cope better with them, can significantly reduce psychological stress [18].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Psychological Reactions to Diagnosis, Treatment Selection, and Treatment
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [18] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion reports that preoperative nursing interventions have had a positive effect on anxiety, and the Conclusion calls for further education about the psychological consequences of radical prostatectomy. The paper does not establish that education and awareness themselves significantly reduce psychological stress; it identifies targeted interventions as a goal for future research. (LLM, conf=0.81)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“Unfortunately, a wide variation in rates of erectile dysfunction following prostatectomy have been reported in the literature and range from 29 to 85% [23].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites [23] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper discusses widely differing estimates of erectile function after prostatectomy and reports that 85% of its respondents had an erectile-dysfunction problem, but that sample included men treated with surgery or radiation. Its discussion of published post-treatment rates gives a 50–80% range for surgery or radiation together, not a 29–85% range specifically after prostatectomy. The cited copy therefore supports the general point about variation, but not the stated endpoints and population. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Partly supported
The cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“In men who range in age from 40 to 70, these researchers found a significant relationship between the presence of ED and depression (ORs ranging from 1.7 to 1.8).”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [41] source
- Could not verifycites [42] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Results describe men aged 36–82, not an analysis limited to ages 40–70. Searches for depression and odds ratios found no passage reporting an association between erectile dysfunction and depression or ORs of 1.7–1.8; the paper mentions distress but does not establish the claimed relationship. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe cited sources that could be checked couldn’t confirm or dispute this claim.
In the paper
“Megace, a synthetic, antineoplastic and progestational drug., has also been found to be helpful [51].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Could not verifycites [51] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The paper mentions hot flashes as a source of distress in men with prostate cancer, but does not say Megace helps treat them. A reference lists a report about sertraline relieving hot flashes; searches for Megace, megestrol acetate, and hot-flash treatment found no supporting passage. The indexed copy provides no page numbers for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Could not verify
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“For early stage cancer, primary treatment options are radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, and active surveillance, which can lead to differences in specific areas of functioning, such as sexual, urinary or bowel functioning over time [2, 3].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Psychological Reactions to Diagnosis, Treatment Selection, and Treatment
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [2] source
- Partly supportedcites [3] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The opening section lists prostatectomy, radiotherapy, and conservative management among the choices for clinically localized prostate cancer. The Discussion reports differences in urinary, bowel, and sexual function over five years after prostatectomy or external-beam radiotherapy. It does not identify active surveillance specifically or compare its functional outcomes with those treatments. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Urinary incontinence can be alleviated with pelvic muscle re-education, bladder training, anticholinergic medications, and even artificial sphincter surgery [47].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [47] source
Causal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“These authors noted the potency rates of 96%, 75%, 59% and 53% at 1, 20, 40 and 60 months after external beam radiation therapy.”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [30] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Initial data suggest that following radical prostatectomy men who achieve consistent erections have an increased chance of retaining erectile function when the nerves are fully healed at 18 to 24 months post-surgery [33, 34].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“In men, hot flashes are caused by many of the hormonal therapies, including orchiectomy [48].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [48] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 9
- Probably not a substantial claim. 1
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“These side effects include: hot flashes, osteoporosis, anemia, fatigue, sarcopenia, gynecomastia, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction, risk of diabetes, risk of cardiovascular disease and fatal cardiac events as well as possible emotional distress [9–13].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Psychological Reactions to Diagnosis, Treatment Selection, and Treatment
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [10] source
- Partly supportedcites [11] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Andropause and Prostate Cancer, Sarcopenia, and Sexual Dysfunction sections support most of the listed effects of hormonal ablation, including hot flashes, osteoporosis, anemia, fatigue, muscle loss, gynecomastia, reduced sexual desire, erectile difficulties, and depression. The Osteoporosis and Vasomotor Symptoms sections associate cardiovascular effects specifically with estrogen therapy; the cited paper does not establish diabetes risk or fatal cardiac events as side effects of hormonal ablation generally. Page numbers were not supplied in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.89)
- Partly supportedcites [12] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports that GnRH agonist therapy was associated with increased risks of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and sudden cardiac death in older men with local or regional prostate cancer. The paper does not substantiate the other listed side effects, such as hot flashes, anemia, sexual dysfunction, or emotional distress; its findings also concern GnRH agonists rather than hormonal therapy generally. (LLM, conf=0.88)
- Partly supportedcites [13] sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Introduction associates androgen suppression therapy with anemia, insulin resistance, and increased diagnoses of cardiac disease. The Discussion reports earlier fatal myocardial infarctions in men aged 65 or older receiving the therapy. Our copy does not substantiate the sentence’s other listed effects, such as hot flashes, osteoporosis, sexual dysfunction, or emotional distress; no page numbers are available in the indexed passages. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Erectile dysfunction, a complication feared by many men diagnosed with prostate cancer, can occur from aging, the cancer itself, surgery, radiation, and hormonal therapy [19].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [19] source
Causal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Radiation therapy, either conventional or brachytherapy with seed implants, may yield less incidence of urinary leakage; however, there are more risks of urinary voiding difficulties with radiation treatments and difficulties with bowel function depending on factors of technique and total dose delivered [6].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Psychological Reactions to Diagnosis, Treatment Selection, and Treatment
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [6] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“Preliminary data exists to support these clinical observations; studies have found the couples where the male partner reported ED also reported less intimate contact, and lower scores on togetherness and tenderness within the relationship [43, 44]”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“This PSA anxiety [52, 53, 54] can lead to panic symptoms and insomnia, and may be relieved with education, support and anxiolytic medications if needed.”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“If these treatments are not effective or satisfactory to the patient, penile implants are an effective option and most patients report very high satisfaction with this treatment [38].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [38] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Shabsigh and colleagues [40] (1998) found that the rate of depression was extremely high in men with ED (56%) and was significantly higher than in men in the control group with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (21%) [40].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [40] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Estimates of anxiety in men with prostate cancer have hovered around 33% [54], while depression has been estimated between 12 and 15%.”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [54] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“However, fibrosis continues to develop up to approximately 3 years past radiation and interferes with the neurovascular bundles and blood vessels adjacent to the prostate necessary for erections [29].”
§ Prostate Cancer: Quality of Life, Psychosocial Implications and Treatment Choices > Introduction > Major Quality of Life Concerns
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [29] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Men are typically the ones who initiate sexual contact within a relationship.
“It is a common assumption that men are the ones who initiate sexual contact within a relationship.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Surgery and radiation treatments are equally effective for early-stage prostate cancer.
“Because surgery and radiation treatments seem to be equally effective in treating early stage prostate cancer, controversy exists about selection of primary treatments for prostate cancer.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The side effects of hormonal therapies are particularly distressing for otherwise asymptomatic men.
“The side effects of hormonal therapies can be particularly distressing for otherwise asymptomatic men.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Many men seek multiple second opinions, and this adds confusion and distress for some because of lack of agreement among practitioners.
“Many men entertain multiple second opinions regarding their primary therapy, though this for some men adds to more confusion and distress because of the lack of agreement among practitioners.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Taking in information from reliable and unverified internet sources can lead to significant anxiety during treatment decision-making.
“They often take in information from reasonable and reliable sources and any number of unverified sources on the internet. This amount of information can lead to significant anxiety while trying to make a reasonable treatment decision.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Fatigue symptoms are particularly upsetting to men who have led active and independent lives.
“Symptoms of fatigue are particularly upsetting to men who have led active and independent lives.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Older men are often reluctant to take pain medications or dosages adequate to alleviate their pain.
“Older men are often reluctant to take pain medications or dosages adequate to alleviate their pain.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Men with prostate cancer respond to education and various kinds of brief psychotherapy, including supportive, cognitive-behavioral, and insight-oriented therapies.
“Men with prostate cancer respond to education and various kinds of brief psychotherapy, including supportive, cognitive-behavioral, and insight-oriented therapies.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although all recommended treatments for prostate cancer take into consideration the age, comorbidities, and probable side effects, any chosen treatment is likely to cause incontinence, erectile dysfunction, impaired bowel function and fatigue in patients.6,7”
From Mindfulness-based interventions for psychological wellbeing and quality of life in men with prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Citations
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“These side effects include: hot flashes, osteoporosis, anemia, fatigue, sarcopenia, gynecomastia, loss of libido, erectile dysfunction (ED), risk of diabetes, risk of cardiovascular disease and fatal cardiac events, and possible emotional distress [9–13].”
BackgroundFACTORS PREDICTING RECOVERY OF ERECTIONS AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY
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“(2008) 4(4) future science group these clinical observations; studies have found that couples where the male partner reported ED also reported less intimate contact and lower scores on togetherness and tenderness within the relationship [41,42].”
BackgroundEfficacy and Patient Satisfaction Associated with Penile Prosthesis Revision Surgery
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BackgroundMaking Sense of the Evidence Regarding Nonhormonal Treatments for Hot Flashes
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980515)82:10<1904::AID-CNCR13>3.0.CO;2-X · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy
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“Both sexual and non-sexual loss of intimacy can occur and lead to relationship distress, conflict, and frustration [38,45].”
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“The reasons for this are complex, with anxiety related to treatment decisions [5], distress related to PSA testing [6], and the impact of a cancer diagnosis [7] all likely contributing factors.”
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“Differences in professional opinion concerning the best treatment option might complicate the situation for the patient at diagnosis (Denberg et al, 2006; Roth et al, 2008; Wever et al, 2013; Sooriakumaran et al, 2014).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Roth, A. J., Weinberger, M. I., & Nelson, C. J.
- Affiliations
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (US)
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Venue
- Future Oncology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-08-06
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 561-568
- ISSN
- 1479-6694 (ISSN-L)
- 1744-8301
- PMC
- PMC2796196
- OpenAlex
- W2058452247
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Future Oncology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (T32MH073553)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer survivorship and care
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research
- Keywords
- prostate cancer, psychosocial problems, quality of life, older adults, prostate cancer screening, treatment side effects, psychiatric management, psychological management, treatment decision-making
- MeSH terms
- Adenocarcinoma, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Fatigue, Fear, Humans, Erectile Dysfunction, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Pain, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Postoperative Complications, Prostatectomy, Prostatic Neoplasms, Psychology, Psychotherapy, Quality of Life, Urinary Incontinence, Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal, Disease Management
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Cited sources are checked with a language model’s help (gpt-6-sol).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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