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Clearance Properties of Nano-Sized Particles and Molecules as Imaging Agents: Considerations and Caveats
Open accessAbstract
Nanoparticles possess enormous potential as diagnostic imaging agents and hold promise for the development of multimodality agents with both imaging and therapeutic capabilities. Yet, some of the most promising nanoparticles demonstrate prolonged tissue retention and contain heavy metals. This presents serious concerns for toxicity. The creation of nanoparticles with optimal clearance characteristics will minimize toxicity risks by reducing the duration of exposure to these agents. Given that many nanoparticles possess easily modifiable surface and interior chemistry, if nanoparticle characteristics associated with optimal clearance from the body were well established, it would be feasible to design and create agents with more favorable clearance properties. This article presents a thorough discussion of the physiologic aspects of nanoparticle clearance, focusing on renal mechanisms, and provides an overview of current research investigating clearance of specific types of nanoparticles and nano-sized macromolecules, including dendrimers, quantum dots, liposomes and carbon, gold and silica-based nanoparticles.
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“Due to the threshold for rapid renal excretion being about 5.5 nm, the hydrodynamic diameters of the prepared nanoparticles need to be larger than this size [168–170].”
From Non-viral delivery systems for CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing: challenges and opportunities (2018) · cites this paper as [169]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Longmire, M., Choyke, P. L., & Kobayashi, H.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kobayashi, Hisataka
- Venue
- Nanomedicine
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2008-09-25
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 703-717
- ISSN
- 1743-5889 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-6963
- PMC
- PMC3407669
- OpenAlex
- W2150146274
- Cited by
- 2,149
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 84 · 2025: 139 · 2024: 128 · 2023: 157 · 2022: 146 · 2021: 175 · 2020: 181 · 2019: 178 · 2018: 160 · 2017: 170 · 2016: 156 · 2015: 121 · 2014: 99 · 2013: 88 · 2012: 63
- FWCI
- 1.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Nanomedicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (Z99 CA999999)
- National Cancer Institute (ZIABC010657)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › General Materials Science › Nanotechnology research and applications
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Nanoplatforms for cancer theranostics
- Keywords
- nanoparticle clearance, diagnostic imaging agents, renal clearance, nanoparticle toxicity, heavy metals, dendrimers, quantum dots, liposomes, carbon nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, silica nanoparticles, tissue retention
- MeSH terms
- Biocompatible Materials, Diagnostic Imaging, Gold, Humans, Kidney, Liposomes, Liver, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Particle Size, Polymers, Silicon Dioxide, Nanotubes, Carbon, Quantum Dots, Dendrimers, Metal Nanoparticles
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