The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Looking at Shirley, the Ultimate Norm: Colour Balance, Image Technologies, and Cognitive Equity
Abstract
Until recently, due to a light-skin bias embedded in colour film stock emulsions and digital camera design, the rendering of non-Caucasian skin tones was highly deficient and required the development of compensatory practices and technology improvements to redress its shortcomings. Using the emblematic “Shirley” norm reference card as a central metaphor reflecting the changing state of race relations/aesthetics, this essay analytically traces the colour adjustment processes in the industries of visual representation and identifies some prototypical changes in the field. The author contextualizes the history of these changes using three theoretical categories: the ‘technological unconscious’ (Vaccari, 1981), ‘dysconsciousness’ (King, 2001), and an original concept of ‘cognitive equity,’ which is proposed as an intelligent strategy for creating and promoting equity by inscribing a wider dynamic range of skin tones into image technologies, products, and emergent practices in the visual industries.
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Cites
Fanon, F. (2023) · Social Theory Re-Wired · doi:10.4324/9781003320609-46 · Cited by 6,307
Critical race theory: an introduction
(2013) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.50-2938 · Cited by 6,038
Black looks: race and representation
(1992) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-2391 · Cited by 4,673
Talking Back: Thinking Feminist – Thinking Black
Wilson, M. (1989) · Feminist Review · doi:10.1057/fr.1989.33 · Cited by 3,142
Making whiteness: the culture of segregation in the South, 1890-1940
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.36-1762 · Cited by 843
Dysconscious Racism: Ideology, Identity, and the Miseducation of Teachers.
King, J. E. (1991) · The Journal of Negro Education · doi:10.4324/9781315717357-15 · Cited by 682
White on black: images of Africa and blacks in western popular culture
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-3383 · Cited by 593
Hill, M. (1997) · Cited by 580
Black on White: Black Writers on What It Means to Be White
Roediger, D. R. (1998) · Cited by 467
Race, Culture, and Communications: Looking Backward and Forward at Cultural Studies
Hall, S. (1992) · Rethinking Marxism · doi:10.1080/08935699208657998 · Cited by 435
Cited by
Scheuerman, M. K., Wade, K., Lustig, C., & Brubaker, J. R. (2020) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3392866 · Cited by 193
Seeing infrastructure: race, facial recognition and the politics of data
Stevens, N., & Keyes, O. (2021) · Cultural Studies · doi:10.1080/09502386.2021.1895252 · Cited by 41
Person, Human, Neither: The Dehumanization Potential of Automated Image Tagging
Barlas, P., Kyriakou, K., Kleanthous, S., & Otterbacher, J. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society · doi:10.1145/3461702.3462567 · Cited by 6
Metadata
- Authors
- Roth, L.
- Venue
- Canadian Journal of Communication
- Published
- 2009-03-30
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 111-136
- ISSN
- 0705-3657 (ISSN-L)
- 1499-6642
- OpenAlex
- W2164930262
- Cited by
- 293
- References
- 18
- FWCI
- 7.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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