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MEASURING HAPPINESS WITH A SINGLE-ITEM SCALE
Open accessAbstract
This study examined the accuracy of measuring happiness by a single item (Do you feel happy in general?) answered on an 11-point scale (0–10). Its temporal stability was 0.86. The correlations between the single item and both the Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI; Argyle, Martin, & Lu, 1995; Hills & Argyle, 1998) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985; Pavot & Diener, 1993) were highly significant and positive, denoting good concurrent validity. Moreover, the single item had a good convergent validity because it was highly and positively correlated with optimism, hope, self-esteem, positive affect, extraversion, and self-ratings of both physical and mental health. Furthermore, the divergent validity of the single item has been adequately demonstrated through its significant and negative correlations with anxiety, pessimism, negative affect, and insomnia. It was concluded that measuring happiness by a single item is reliable, valid, and viable in community surveys as well as in cross-cultural comparisons.
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“The reliability and validity of the happiness item are good to excellent, with a test–retest reliability of 0.87 (62).”
From Timing of imagery rescripting during schema therapy for borderline personality disorder: the LUCY trial (2023) · cites this paper as [62]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Abdel-Khalek, A. M.
- Venue
- Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal
- Publisher
- Scientific Journal Publishers Ltd
- Published
- 2006-01-01
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 139-150
- ISSN
- 0301-2212 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993979851
- Cited by
- 808
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 64 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 59 · 2020: 66 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 11.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
- Keywords
- happiness measurement, single-item scale, subjective well-being, temporal stability, concurrent validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity, Oxford Happiness Inventory, Satisfaction with Life Scale, optimism, hope, self-esteem, positive affect, extraversion, physical and mental health, anxiety, pessimism, negative affect, insomnia, cross-cultural comparison
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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